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Tag: "length" at biology news

Exploring the molecular origin of blood clot flexibility

...iber could stretch four to five times its original length before snapping. "This is among the most extensible, or stretchy, of polymers that anyone has ever found," says Weisel. "But, how is the stretching happening at a molecular level? We think part of it has to be the unfolding of certain parts of the fi...

Out of Africa -- Bacteria, as well

... two populations has a linear correlation with the length of the migration paths taken since they were separated. "It's actually quite logical," explains Dr. Mark Achtman, "because in the time that elapses after a population leaves its point of origin, the number of mutations in its genetic makeup continual...

Penn study on lung-infecting bacterial enzyme suggests new approach to cystic fibrosis treatment

... might be a viable near-term approach to improving length and quality of life for many CF patients, before CF gene therapy becomes a reality. The Penn research team demonstrated the disruptive action of SMase in frog oocytes (egg cells) engineered to place CFTR in their membrane. These oocytes are an exp...

Scientists map key landmarks in human genome

...spherical packing units for DNA. They consist of a length of DNA wrapped around a core, like ribbon around a spool that is made up of proteins called histones, and the nucleosomes are located along the chromosomes like beads on a string. Nucleosomes have multiple functions, including allowing several fee...

Scientists unlock secret of what makes plants flower

...was communicating the perception of changes in day length in leaves to the shoot apex, and causing flowering, scientists have been trying to work out exactly how this mechanism works. "Over the past couple of years several labs made exciting discoveries all pointing to the FT gene being central to contr...

Mosquito genes explain response to climate change

...onal development," Bradshaw said. "Response to day length is often the primary cue that organisms use for go...ified regions on three chromosomes that respond to length of day, which scientists call photoperiodism. Two of the chromosomes also have overlapping gene expr...

Bacteria from patient's dental plaque causes ventilator-associated pneumonia

... infection can add $40,000 to costs and double the length of stay of the patient in the hospital. Ironically, it turns out that the patient’s own dental plaque is a major source of germs that cause ventilator-associated pneumonia. In results to be presented today (March 23, 2007) at the International ...

Brain works more chaotically than previously thought

...release their chemical messengers along the entire length of these extensions and, in this way, excite the neighbouring cells. The findings of the study are of huge significance since they explode fundamental notions about the way our brain works. Moreover, they might contribute to the development of new me...

Cholera pathogen reveals how bacteria generate energy to live

...ra attached labels at significant points along the length of the protein and then determined whether these labels appeared inside or outside the envelope of the cell membrane. The results showed that the cofactors ?important parts of the enzyme’s machinery ?are all located on the inner side of the membrane,...

Protein averts cell suicide but might contribute to cancer

...bases ?the ‘A's, ‘C's, ‘G's and ‘T's ?that run the length of a DNA helix. A complete step is formed by pairs of bases according to a rule: ‘A' always pairs with ‘T,' and ‘C' always pairs with ‘G.' When cells make new DNA, the two strands separate, and each old half becomes a template for a new partner. ...

Cells selectively absorb short nanotubes

...e in these lung cells depends significantly on the length of the nanotubes," Becker explains. "This is the first of many steps in the critical goal of reducing health risk by de novo engineering of the nanotubes themselves." ...

New fMRI technology making brain tumor surgery safer

...r and safer for the patient, and it can reduce the length of surgery.? The fMRI technology is manufactured by BrainLAB and marketed as iPlan BOLD (blood oxygen level dependent) MRI Mapping. It has been used successfully in 12 surgical cases so far at University Hospital. The technology involves collab...

Osteoarthritis may be sign of faster 'biological ageing'

...lected by the gradual shortening of telomeres, the length of DNA which caps the tips of chromosomes. A host ... 160 people with hand osteoarthritis, the telomere length was significantly shorter than among those without the disease, even after taking account of influen...

Penn researcher shows that DNA gets kinky easily at the nanoscale

...d a baseball." To study DNA on the needed short length scales, Nelson and his colleagues used a technique called high-resolution atomic force microscopy to obtain a direct measurement of the energy it would take to bend lengths of DNA just a few nanometers long. The technique involves dragging an extrem...

Nobel Laureate finds 'elegant' explanation for DNA transcribing enzyme's high fidelity

...sequence of that alignment, to angstrom (a unit of length equal to one hundred millionth of a centimeter) precision, a histidine side chain of the trigger loop rests on the ß phosphate, the chemical constituent that must have its bond broken in order for the NTP to join the RNA chain through the formation o...

Bones at the nanoscale

... is ab-sorbed by soft layers at successively lower length scales, and less than a fifth of the strain is act...mation in real time. Researchers could look at two length scales: on one side they observed the 100 nanometers sized fibres, and on the other, the crystalli...

Intravenous gene therapy protects normal tissue of mice during whole-body radiation

... compared to 93.3 percent survival during the same length of time for an experimental group of mice that were injected with MnSOD-PL prior to irradiation. As the level of radiation exposure was increased, survival rates in the mice injected with MnSOD-PL prior to exposure increased significantly. For exampl...

A buffet for early human relatives

...used to remove samples at various points along the length of the tooth, which is marked by tiny ridges calle...ing that period. By taking several samples off the length of each tooth, the researchers reconstructed a few years of each creature's diet. When the laser...

Powerful genome ID method extended to humans

...al mapping, by contrast, can estimate the absolute length of a genome and quickly detect differences in length and structure between two genomes. Comparing optical maps of healthy and diseased genomes can guide ...

From a lowly yeast, researchers divine a clue to human disease

... as it goes. Multiple genes strung along a single length of DNA are separated by gaps to mark boundaries. As the polymerase reaches the end of a gene, Sen1 flips a switch and knocks it off the DNA track. The group, led by Brow and Eric Steinmetz, compared normal yeast to a strain with a mutated form of ...

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