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Tag: "leading" at biology news

Single molecular 'mark' seen as pivotal for genome compaction in spores and sperm

...This molecular mark is required at a critical time leading up to genome compaction in spores and sperm," says Shelley L. Berger, Ph.D., the Hilary Koprowski Professor at The Wistar Institute and senior author on the study. "Also, there seems to be a similarity in the way the mark is used in organisms as diff...

Does natural selection drive the evolution of cancer?

...he benign cells to outcompete the malignant cells, leading to a less aggressive, less dangerous tumor. "Another idea we're pursuing is what we call the sucker's gambit," Maley says. "In this case, you try to increase the fitness of chemosensitive cells so that they outcompete any resistant cells that are ...

High HPV concentrations combined with smoking significantly raise risks of cervical cancer

... disease, he said. Cervical cancer is one of the leading causes of cancer deaths worldwide, and death rates are particularly high in developing countries. Although rates of incidence and mortality have dropped by 50 percent in the past 20 years, out of the 9,700 women diagnosed just in the United States th...

Caterpillars tell us how bacteria cause disease

...ak havoc in humans. Dr Nick Waterfield, who is leading the study, explained: "Bacteria have been interacting with simple animals such as amoeba and insects for a staggering length of evolutionary time. It seems likely that most virulence genes around today probably first evolved to work against these hos...

UCSD researchers create roadmap to integrin activation

...s have had a limited understanding of the pathways leading to platelet integrin activation, though we have developed a long list of what might impact the activation process," said Ginsberg. When cultured cells were engineered to express GPIIb-IIIa, agents that usually activated the platelet integrin failed ...

Holiday gluttony can spell disaster for undiagnosed diabetics

...ody can damage blood vessels and nerves over time, leading to high cholesterol, hypertension, stroke, kidney disease and amputations." If you are age 40 or older, obese, lack physical activity or have a family history of diabetes, Dr. Chandalia recommends making time during the holidays to visit a doctor f...

Uniform tungsten trimers stand and deliver

...w model system," said Mike White, the UT professor leading the PNNL Institute for Interfacial Catalysis. Variability in commercial catalyst size and chemical composition makes it difficult to accurately understand or describe the reactions taking place at a molecular level. "Commercial catalysts are like a...

Genomic comparison of lactic acid bacteria published

...nding of their role in industrial food production, leading to more optimized production schemes. For example, a better understanding of the role of lactic acid bacteria in cheese ripening will result in production strategies that reduce ripening time and thereby save energy. Moreover, lactic acid bacteria ...

Common cold virus leads to death in lung transplant patients

Human rhinovirus (HRV), the leading cause of most common colds, struck two immunosuppressed lung transplant patients, leading to progressive respiratory failure, graft dysfunction and death. The two were part of a group of 11 ...

PNAS study reveals why organs fail following massive trauma

...rgan failure. That is one reason why trauma is the leading cause of death for Americans aged 44 and younger. ...e, is also involved in the immune system breakdown leading to AIDS, according to an article in the August edition of Nature. "Our study proves for the first ...

How brain injury leads to seizures, memory problems

...Hospital of Philadelphia, adding that, "TBI is the leading cause of death among children and young adults in this country. There are no cures known for traumatic brain injury. Our hope is that our research may contribute to potential therapies for TBI patients." Transportation accidents such as car crashe...

Therapeutic role found for carbon monoxide

...scle cells rapidly and uncontrollably proliferate, leading to "remodeling," in which blood vessel walls thicken and gradual stenosis of the arteries occurs. Ultimately, the vessels thicken to the point that blood can no longer be effectively pumped through them, resulting in serious cardiopulmonary complicat...

Cigarette smoking impedes tendon-to-bone healing

...aired shoulders and decreased collagen production, leading to inferior healing. "When you have an injury and a repair, new cells come in and start to facilitate healing," Galatz says. "When the new cells arrive, they make proteins such as collagen to form the junction between tendon and bone. And in the r...

More kidney cancer is detected and treated early, yet death rate rises

...that an increase in detection and treatment is not leading to a reduction in the kidney cancer mortality rate." The study ?published in the Sept. 20 issue of the Journal of the National Cancer Institute ?includes data from nine of the National Cancer Institute's Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results ...

Changing length of days reverses how estrogen affects aggressiveness in mice

...h these specific genes, creating a genomic pathway leading to less aggressive behaviors, Trainor said. The flip side of this finding is that estrogen increases aggression in short-day mice through different cellular mechanisms not involving genomic pathways. While it would be difficult to test that hyp...

Gene chip technology shows potential for identifying life-threatening blood infection

...se sepsis, a fast-moving blood infection that is a leading cause of death in hospital intensive care units. The illness unleashes a powerful inflammatory response that can quickly overwhelm the body, causing organ failure and death, often within days. With a narrow window of opportunity for halting its leth...

Climate change has surprising effect on endangered naked carp

...om the lake has been compounded by climate change, leading to a decline in water level in the lake of 10?2 cm per year during the past fifty years (see accompanying image). However, Chris M. Wood (McMaster University) and coauthors found that naked carp respond to the increased salinity of the lake water ...

Parkinson's mutation stunts neurons

...alled LRRK2 and how it affects neurons, ultimately leading to their death. The loss of dopamine-producing neurons is central to the pathology of PD, and loss of connections among such neurons is an early feature of the PD disease process. The researchers, Asa Abeliovich and colleagues at Columbia University...

Contrary to common wisdom, scientist discovers some mammals can smell objects under water

...ing alone, Catania created underwater scent trails leading to food and recorded how well the moles' could follow them. To keep the moles from using their tactile star, he put a grid-work between the animals and the scent trails. The openings in the grid were too small for the star appendages to squeeze throu...

Why Popeye only has eyes for spinach

Eating spinach could protect your eyes from the leading cause of blindness in western society, say experts...ntral field of vision," said Dr Ian Murray, who is leading the research in Manchester's Faculty of Life Sciences. "Our work has already found strong evidence...

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