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Tag: "leading" at biology news

Genome of Clostridium botulinum reveals the background to world's deadliest toxin

...ving animal, via contaminated food or open wounds, leading to infant botulism or wound botulism, both of which are serious human infections. The host can be quickly overpowered and, in some cases, killed by the toxin, and C. botulinum has a new food source. "Although in the same group as Clostridium diff...

Ants show us how to make super-highways

...nts use their bodies to plug potholes in the trail leading back to the nest, making a flatter surface so that prey can be delivered to the developing young at maximum speed. The raid always remains connected to the nest by a trail of forager traffic, along which prey-laden foragers run back to run back to t...

Human stem cell treatment restores motor function in paralyzed rats

...nal cord neurons called spinal inhibitory neurons, leading to irreversible spasticity and rigidity, or loss of muscle control, in the lower limbs, even though the spinal cord is intact. “The important difference between spinal cord ischemia and spinal cord trauma, such as might occur in a diving or car ac...

Amphibians in losing race with environmental change

...kly enough can explain most of the causes that are leading one species after another of amphibians into decli...professor of zoology at OSU and one of the world's leading experts on amphibian decline. "But looked at in a different way, it's not just that there are thr...

Keeping the immune system from starting a 'food fight'

...ntrol protein may become overwhelmed and give out, leading to the chronic, low-grade inflammation characteristic of obesity and other metabolic diseases, the researchers suggest. Treatments designed to reinforce that barrier may therefore provide the "next frontier" of therapies to combat the rising tide of ...

First clinical trial of gene therapy for childhood blindness

...spital, is led by Professor Robin Ali and includes leading eye surgeon Mr James Bainbridge and leading retinal specialist Professor Tony Moore. Professor Ali said: "We have been developing gene therap...

Corals -- More complex than you?

...we are being left behind. If important discoveries leading to new technologies are made, we will have to pay to import them. "Sequencing a coral genome is a real contribution which Australia can make to human knowledge ?with potential benefit to society, the environment and the economy." ...

Legal ruling may put endangered species in danger

...Secretary Kempthorne to "consult with the nation's leading environmental scholars before defining terms such as endangered species." ...

Simple home spit test to spot deadly pre-eclampsia

...' offices and hospitals. Pre-eclampsia is also a leading cause of maternal mortality, killing one woman globally every six seconds, according to the UK's Action on Pre-eclampsia (APEC). Earlier detection and intervention could save lives. Standard blood pressure and urine tests are unreliable, and there...

How to steer a moving cell

.... Polarization is characterized by formation of a leading "false foot" or pseudopodium and a trailing rear "foot" at the back called a cell body, which is detached in the process of locomotion. In order to understand the inner workings of the cell’s "steering wheel," the researchers developed a method ...

UQ research heralds vaccine technology breakthrough

...ssor Tindle said clinical trials were forthcoming, leading the way to the vaccine becoming available in the clinic. He hoped it would become one of the vaccines given to all infants in their first three months of life. The mature paediatric market for an RSV vaccine has been estimated at approximately US$8...

Healthy coral reefs hit hard by warmer temperatures

...eases are infecting more coral species every year, leading to the global loss of reef-building corals and the decline of other important species dependent on reefs," said lead study author John Bruno at UNC. "We've long suspected climate change is driving disease outbreaks. Our results suggest that warmer te...

Gene mutation linked to cognition is found only in humans

...lution, suggesting a multi-step process eventually leading to the origin of the type II form in human," the authors state. They note that further studies should probe the biological function of type II neuropsin in humans, as the extra 45 amino acids in this form may cause protein structural and functiona...

New Brandeis research sheds light on memory by erasing it

...odel system for studying memory. CaMKII has been a leading candidate as a memory molecule because it is persistently activated after LTP induction and can enhance synaptic transmission, properties that are necessary for a memory molecule. Like a computer whose electronics change with the addition of new i...

DNA repair proteins monitored at double-strand break

...egeneration, cancer and sensitivity to irradiation leading to double-strand breaks that are not repaired," Kastan said. "And a lack of NBS1 causes Nijmegen breakage syndrome, another disease that leaves its victims at high risk for cancer and higher sensitivity to DNA-damaging radiation. So this work has imp...

World's leading scientists announce creation of 'Encyclopedia of Life'

Many of the world’s leading scientific institutions today announced the launch of the Encyclopedia of Life, an unprecedented global effort to document all 1.8 million named species of animals, plants, and other forms of life on Earth. For the first time in the history of the p...

Researchers publish first marsupial genome sequence

...urnal Nature, the team found that most innovations leading to the human genome sequence lie not in protein-coding genes, but in areas that until recently were referred to as "junk" DNA. The effort to generate the high-quality genome sequence of the gray short-tailed, South American opossum, Monodelphis dom...

Dealing deadly cancers a knockout punch

...s' immune systems against their particular cancer, leading to additional cancer cell killing. It is through this second "inflammatory" mechanism that researchers hope Reolysin will bring about long-term remissions of once-untreatable cancers. At the Fourth International Conference on Oncolytic Viruses as ...

Dinosaur hearing, listening to muscle noise, quieter cubicles

...pot lesions but cannot measure tissue stiffness, a leading indicator of malignancy. By contrast, VA induces a small-scale vibration in the tissue, and it is this low-frequency signal that provides the crucial information about tissue stiffness. Azra Alizad ( aza@mayo.edu ), who works at the Mayo Clinic, th...

First demonstration of new hair follicle generation in an animal model

... be used to manipulate hair-follicle regeneration, leading to novel ways to treat hair loss and hair overgrowth. These findings go beyond just a possible treatment for male-pattern baldness. If researchers can effectively control hair growth, then they could potentially find cures for people with hair and...

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