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Tag: "laser" at biology news

Crammed with charged DNA, pressure rises inside virus

...t the University of California, San Diego has used laser tweezers to measure the forces exerted by the motor as it pushes the DNA into the capsid. “The virus’ motor has to do mechanical work to overcome two factors that create resistance,” said Douglas Smith, an assistant professor of physics at UC...

Mice with a migraine show signs of brain damage

...To make the finding, the team used a sophisticated laser system known as two-photon imaging to look at the activity of live cells in the intact brain of a mouse. They combined that with a new technique to precisely measure how brain cells allocate and use energy. ...

Catching cancer's spread by watching hemoglobin

...t can be detected to build up an image. One "pump" laser boosts (excites) hemoglobin molecules to a higher energy state. The other "probe" laser monitors the hemoglobin after the excitation. Sometimes the pump laser is off and there is no two-ph...

Protein enables discovery of quantum effect in photosynthesis

..., and the West Coast group's specialty is advanced laser techniques. The quantum finding would have been impossible without collaboration. Good vibrations "We have obtained the first direct evidence that remarkably long-lived wavelike electronic quantum coherence plays an important part in energy ...

Diminishing dinosaur steps saved by laser and laptop

...using cutting-edge equipment. Using a high-tech laser scanning system called RIEGL, researchers from The...powered by a battery, works by rotating and firing laser beams, which reflect off the quarry faces back to a receiver. The device then cross references the r...

Decoding protein structures helps illuminate cause of diabetes

...on about their organization, Zanni says. Infrared laser beams can detect the minute vibrations and identif...ilt the first device capable of designing infrared laser beams with a computer. The team has now simplified and speeded up the process with an automated ver...

Fast and slow -- How the spinal cord controls the speed of movement

...ing specific neurons in the lower spinal cord with laser beams, the researchers rendered the fish incapable of slow movements. By removing nerves further up the backbone, the fish had difficulty moving fast. "No one had any idea that organization like this existed in a spinal cord," said Joseph Fetcho, ...

Researchers identify ovarian cancer biomarkers

...ania, and universities in Greece and Italy, used a laser technique to isolate blood vessel cells from 21 ovarian tumors and four normal ovarian tissue samples. From there, they were able to determine which genes the vascular cells expressed. The results identified more than 70 markers that were present...

Imaging techniques permit scientists to follow a day -- or four -- in the life of a cell

... also be applied to more complex assays--including laser photobleaching and fluorescent speckle microscopy--that yield specific insights into cellular processes. A second freely available protocol ( http://www.cshprotocols.org/cgi/content/full/2007/1/pdb.prot4660 ) outlines the construction and use of a...

Drug-resistant bacterial infections serious complication after corrective eye surgery

...cility, the first report of MRSA keratitis after a laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) enhancement, and the first reports of MRSA keratitis after prophylaxis with fourth generation fluoroquinolones. Colonization of MRSA has been found in 1.5% of the general population, but as many as 9.4% of those were...

New sensor detects gaseous chemical weapon surrogates in 45 seconds

...of optical absorption spectroscopy, where a pulsed laser beam creates a brief absorption in a sample gas, which in turn creates a very small acoustic signal. A miniature quartz tuning fork acts as a "microphone" to record the resulting sound wave. PNNL researchers paired multiple QCLs with the tuning fo...

Plants do not emit methane

...lled, but natural conditions with a photo-acoustic laser technique. This technique is so sensitive that the scientists are able to measure the carbon dioxide in the breath of small insects like ants. Even with this state-of-the-art technique, the measured emission rates were so close to the detection limit...

Light-based probe 'sees' early cancers in first tests on human tissue

...al component, of cells, through changes in the way laser light scatters. "The size and shape of cell nuclei are powerful indicators of this precancerous condition called dysplasia, which literally means 'bad growth'," Wax said. "Typically, nuclei are a fairly consistent size. However, when you go down the ...

St. Jude announces breakthrough in eye cancer treatment

...lex treatment includes chemotherapy, radiation and laser therapy, as well as control of infections caused by treatment-related suppression of the immune system. However, most of the 5,000 children worldwide who are found to have retinoblastoma live primarily in countries with limited resources and have res...

German researchers develop first non-invasive test to measure skin aging

...Ingbert, Germany, and at JenLab GmbH, a Jena-based laser technology company, tested the technique directly ...technique use the ability of ultra-brief pulses of laser infrared light to stimulate tissues to emit light at shorter wavelengths -- blue in the case of coll...

Gold nanoparticles prove to be hot stuff

...d new microsphere materials that can be trapped by laser radiation pressure more efficiently, which would e...ments and detection of smaller motions at the same laser power. As described in the Aug. 15 issue of Optics Letters,* the JILA team demonstrated that 100-nan...

Two nerve cells in direct contact

...e blocked the two possible routes selectively with laser ablation (the cell is filled with fluorescent dye which has a toxic effect when strongly stimulated) and tested sensitivity to rotation in the H2 cell. A long series of these technically very difficult experiments provided unambiguous proof: if the i...

A buffet for early human relatives

...om all over the world." The researchers used a laser to remove tiny samples from four 1.8-million-year-...seum loaned them to the researchers. Passey used a laser to remove and vaporize tiny samples of enamel, which then were analyzed in a mass spectrometer to de...

Gene-bender proteins may sway to DNA

...es used a test protein from bacteria and applied a laser pulse lasting about 10 billionths of a second to h...ation. Ansari's group was the first to apply the laser temperature-jump technique to study the dynamics of a protein-DNA complex. The studies were done i...

Researchers develop technologies to devour food pathogens

...te food-borne pathogens. The first method uses a laser to detect and identify many types of bacteria, and...on, a professor of food science. "We can use the laser technology to detect problems more quickly, determine exactly what the pathogen is and where it came...

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