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Tag: "known" at biology news

PET/MRI scans may help unravel mechanisms of prenatal drug damage

...in, particularly in the striatum, where cocaine is known to bind to cell-surface receptors that result in a...relevant, the researchers said, because cocaine is known to constrict blood vessels in the placenta. It may be that this constriction of placental blood flow...

Researchers discover molecular mechanism that desensitizes us to cold

..., such as neurotransmitters and growth factors are known to catalyze the breakdown of PIP2. Now that researchers know how PIP2 interacts with this large class of membrane proteins, they can begin to look out how these signals work and what effects they are having in various areas of the body. ...

Probing the promise and perils of nanoparticles

...anaszak Holl's lab has been studying nanoparticles known as dendrimers, tiny spheres whose width is ten thousands times smaller than the thickness of a human hair. Dendrimers have shown promise for precisely delivering drugs to their targets inside the body, but high concentrations of these nanoparticles c...

Chemists identify immune system mechanism for methamphetamine binges

...sers go on long binges with the illicit drug, also known as speed. The study could lead to new treatments for the drug's addiction, they say. Recent studies by others have documented the drug's apparent ability to suppress the immune system, making abusers more vulnerable to diseases such as HIV. The new ...

Epstein-Barr virus protein crucial to its role in blood cancers

...er pathway and an Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV) protein known to be expressed in a number of EBV-associated cancers. Their findings demonstrate a new mechanism by which EBV transforms human B cells from the immune system into cancerous cells, which can lead to development of B-cell lymphomas. Erle S. Robertson...

Defensins neutralize anthrax toxin

...er pathway and an Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV) protein known to be expressed in a number of EBV-associated cancers. Their findings demonstrate a new mechanism by which EBV transforms human B cells from the immune system into cancerous cells, which can lead to development of B-cell lymphomas. Erle S. Robertson...

Fleshing out the genome

...nd ranking them based on their similarity to genes known to encode proteins. Proteins are the workhorses of... a co-author and PNNL chief scientist, "it was not known from the gene sequence if a protein was even expressed. Now that we have high confidence that many o...

Viral protein influences key cell-signaling pathway

...ravels to the network of membranes within the cell known as the rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER). Among other things, the RER helps regulate the amount of calcium in the cell. The investigators found that the p12 protein allows calcium to leak out of the RER, thereby causing calcium levels to rise elsewhe...

A frog's life is food for thought

...bility from the outset," Ms Cramp said. Little is known about the effects of prolonged food deprivation on...overwhelming their digestive system. "Nothing was known about their digestive physiology when I first started this project and for an animal that can starve...

PGA on a tour under the skin

...fection. S. epidermidis is the only human pathogen known to produce PGA other than Bacillus anthracis, but several differences exist in how the two pathogens use PGA to their advantage. PGA is currently used as an antigen for vaccine production against Anthrax This paper presents PGA as a promising target...

Molecule that usually protects infection-fighting cells may cause plaque deposits inside arteries

...rosclerosis," Dr. Miyazaki said. Atherosclerosis, known as "hardening of the arteries," occurs when the inside walls of an artery become thicker and less elastic. This narrows the space for blood flow and can lead to angina and heart attacks in some people. Fatty buildups occur on the inner lining of an ...

Insight into natural cholesterol control suggests novel cholesterol-lowering therapy

... senior author of the study. Scientists have long known that cells respond to a high cholesterol diet by shutting down its internal synthesis, he explained. However, the molecular mechanisms by which cholesterol and other related compounds exert that self-control have only more recently begun to emerge. ...

50-year-old Mystery Solved: Protein Tags Regulate Key Ion Channel

...ound that a recently discovered biological process known as sumoylation -- until now thought to be active o...oldstein's team discovered the type of ion channel known as background (or leak) potassium channels in yeast cells in 1995 and in fruit flies in 1996. Althou...

Researchers discover chemical compounds that affect plant growth

...ion of growth in response to gravity, a phenomenon known as gravitropism. The researchers screened a library of 10,000 small molecules, the practice is known as chemical genomics, to identify those that could positively or negatively affect gravity's effect ...

New component of the 'brakes' on nerve regeneration found

...urons in which this inhibitory receptor complex is known to function. The two research groups turned their attention to TAJ/TROY because it is a member of the same family of receptor proteins--called TNF receptors--as p75. Their experiments revealed that TAJ/TROY is produced throughout the adult brains of...

Increased risk of osteoporosis associated with gene that one in five people have

...hey possessed. One of the variations of the gene, known to be present in 19 percent of the general population, was found in women who had significantly lower blood estrogen levels and higher levels of urinary estrogen breakdown products than normal. These women also had a higher than normal urinary concen...

New Drugs For Bad Bugs: UF Approach Could Bolster Antibiotic Arsenal

...illion. UF researchers are working on an approach known as PK/PD, which combines principles of pharmacokinetics, or an analysis of drug concentrations in the body, and pharmacodynamics, their effect on bacteria or how a drug kills bacteria. “In the past, blood samples were taken and the serum concentrati...

Scientists discover how plants disarm the toxic effects of excessive sunlight

...ays Donohue. "However, nothing has previously been known about how cells alter gene expression to respond to singlet oxygen. We may now be able to design pharmaceuticals that target this response, and ultimately may help us mitigate disease." Donohue's co-authors on his study were a microbiology graduate ...

HIV-1 spread through six transmission lines in the UK

...ransmitted through sex between men. Very little is known about how subtype B successfully invaded the British population, and more importantly, how the virus has subsequently spread and evolved. However, given that the first UK cases of AIDS reported in 1982 were probably infected within a window of 10 ye...

Light therapy may combat fungal infections, new evidence suggests

...earchers first tested the importance of genes with known roles in light sensitivity of another, distantly r... fungus. Yeast strains lacking one of those genes, known as white collar 1 (BWC1), mated equally well in the light or the dark, implicating that gene in the ...

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