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Tag: "known" at biology news

Study finds more than one-third of human genome regulated by RNA

...d by microRNAs.(Prior to this study, there were no known microRNA targets in anyvertebrate.)In their latest...peutic uses of RNA. For example, using a technique known as RNAinterference, or RNAi, researchers are shutting off genes by deliveringinto cells artificial m...

NYU researchers simulate molecular biological clock

...d by microRNAs.(Prior to this study, there were no known microRNA targets in anyvertebrate.)In their latest...peutic uses of RNA. For example, using a technique known as RNAinterference, or RNAi, researchers are shutting off genes by deliveringinto cells artificial m...

Mitochondrial DNA mutations play significant role in prostate cancer

...e prostate cancersamples.Because COI mutations are known to be more common in individuals ofAfrican descent...into a prostate cancer cell linemtDNAs harboring a known disease-causing mtDNA mutation and, as acontrol, the same mtDNA but without the disease mutation. Th...

Antibiotic Resistant Bacterium Uses Sonar-like Strategy to “See?Enemies or Prey

...d his team have spent years studying the bacterium known asEnterococcus faecalis, one of the leading causes...ed $ 4 Billion to health care costs.Scientist have known since 1934 that especially harmful strains ofEnterococcus produce a toxin that destroys other cells,...

Researchers reveal the infectious impact of salmon farms on wild salmon

...hematical ecologist from the University of Alberta known for his work on West Nile virus and invasive species. "We have worked out the spatial footprint ?the data are strong and show that the farms are having a significant impact over a very large area." The researchers isolated the effect of the salmon f...

Molecular machine may lead to new drugs to combat human diseases

...e molecular machines, which are chemical complexes known as a Group I intron, at mid-point in its work cycle. When frozen, crystallized introns reveal their structure and the sites at which they bind with various molecules to cause biochemical reactions. Scientists can use this knowledge to manipulate the ...

Jefferson Virologists Coax HIV Out of Hiding

...ame up with the powerfulcocktail of anti-HIV drugs known as highly active antiretroviraltherapy (HAART), they hoped they had found a way to finally rid thebody of the virus. But they were wrong. The virus instead goes intohiding, dormant and practically undetectable in the body ?andimpervious to attack. Wh...

Sea skate experiment sheds light on human cell transport

... inserted into the membrane and a chemical process known as phosphorylation takes place. This activates the gates, which open to release excess water along with salts and other organic material. The researchers made their discovery by using a plant-based substance to block an enzyme that causes phosphoryl...

Clam embryo study shows pollutant mixture adversely affects nerve cell development

...found an increase in acomponent of PKA, and PKA is known to be involved in neuraldevelopment. The BCE mixtu...xture. The research is focused on afamily of genes known as P53, which helps to regulate the cell cycle.They have also moved their studies to a new model sys...

Study identifies predictors of HIV drug resistance in patients beginning triple therapy

...found an increase in acomponent of PKA, and PKA is known to be involved in neuraldevelopment. The BCE mixtu...xture. The research is focused on afamily of genes known as P53, which helps to regulate the cell cycle.They have also moved their studies to a new model sys...

Enzyme allows B cells to resist death, leading to leukemia

...d altered cellularlocation of an enzyme in B cells known as Lyn, contributes to thedevelopment of B-CLL. The authorsexamined leukemia cells from 40 patients with B-CLL and compared themwith lymphocytes from normal donors. They found that Lyn was markedlyoverexpressed in CLL cells and an unusual amount of ...

Gene variations explain drug dose required to control seizures

...underlying patients' drug response, based on their known roles in the metabolism or transport of one or bot...ion in the candidate genes. One variant of a gene known as CYP2C9, which encodes a liver enzyme involved in drug metabolism, showed a significant associatio...

Muscle-targeted gene therapy reverses rare muscular dystrophy in mice

...virus (AAV) vector. AAV is not associated with any known human disease. The DNA coding for the enzyme was linked to a specialized DNA "promoter" region that restricted its activity to muscle. The investigators either injected the viral particles into the muscle or injected it intravenously in Pompe disease...

Enzyme shown to help protect genomic stability

...arly in the regions at the ends of the chromosomes known as telomeres, has been linked to aging in humans a...s at The Wistar Institute has shown that an enzyme known as Ubp10 plays a vital role in protecting the telomeric regions of the genome from potential destabi...

BRCA1 causes ovarian cancer through indirect, biochemical route

...ted, however, had been harder to pin down. "We've known for a long time that ovarian cancer is associated with ovulation, in that women who have regular menstrual cycles through their life without interruption by pregnancy or oral contraceptive use are at highest risk for developing sporadic ovarian cance...

Needling Chromosomes Reveals Cell Division Secret

...t cause birthdefects."According to Nicklas, it was known that the two sister chromatidsadhered to one another and released at the appropriate time during celldivision. However, that understanding was based on biochemicalexperiments that revealed when the "glue" protein called cohesin thatholds chromatids w...

In the sea slug's defense against lobsters, confusion is key

...acked by predatory spiny lobsters, sea slugs (also known as sea hares) release an inky secretion, termed ink and opaline, from a pair of glands. The new findings show that Aplysia's defensive secretion includes a variety of chemicals that together comprise a multi-pronged attack on the predator's nervous s...

Scientists rid stem cell culture of key animal cells

... discovered that, in certain conditions, a protein known as fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2) accomplishes ...ty of bone morphogenetic protein (BMP), a molecule known to kick-start embryonic development, or in this case, cell differentiation. If serum replacement tr...

Protein Packages Found To Activate Genes; May Be What Regulates Development And Disease

...jor role. Until now, however, it had not even been known which regions of the genome carry such tags. A complete surprise Most regions of the chromatin have only a few "on" tags, but in regions packaging clusters of HOX genes hundreds of such tags exist. Yeast cells don't have such clusters, but HOX clus...

First 'atlas' of key brain genes could speed research on cancer, neurological diseases

...neurons thatcontrol muscles of the tongue.The map, known as the Mahoney Transcription Factor Atlas, has beenplaced online where it is freely accessible to researchers studyingbrain development and disorders.To compile the atlas, the investigators first sifted through databasesof information from the Human ...

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