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Tag: "known" at biology news

Defenseless plants arm themselves with metals

...o turn off salicylic acid production, a phenomenon known as negative feedback. In this way, plants can turn the pathogen defense pathway on and off as needed. Most plants maintain very low levels of salicylic acid in their tissues unless they are fighting an infection. Metal hyperaccumulators, however, ha...

White Blood Cell 'Waste Disposal' System Plays Critical Regulatory Role

...ion and destruction are not well understood, it is known that the immune signaling molecules IL-17 and G-CSF stimulate neutrophil production. In addition, a newly discovered molecule called IL-23 that is produced by phagocytes has been shown to stimulate IL-17 production. Dr. Klaus Ley and colleagues from ...

Same-Sex Mating Discovered in a Toxic Fungus

...eromones, pheromone receptors and other genes with known roles in mating -- exhibited a defect in fruiting....d sexual reproduction among unrelated individuals, known to occur in the fungal, plant and even animal kingdoms, the researchers said. Christina Hull, now a...

CoPub Mapper: mining MEDLINE based on search term co-publication

...e co-mentioned. MEDLINE search strings for 15,621 known genes and 3,731 keywords were generated and valida...o-publication, 150 genes consisting of 8 sets with known connections (same pathway, same protein complex, or same cellular localization, etc.) were run throu...

Biologists discover why 10% of Europeans are safe from HIV

...10% of Europeans resistant to HIV. Scientists have known for some time that these individuals carry a genetic mutation (known as CCR5-delta32) that prevents the virus from entering the cells of the immune system but have been unable to account for the high levels of the gene in Scandinavia and relatively l...

Study reveals new technique for fingerprinting environmental samples

...the problem of species diversity." Very little is known about the microbes since the vast majority of them, some 99 percent, are resistant to being grown under standard laboratory conditions. The EGT strategy's particular utility is that it offers an easily accessible window into that important part of th...

PET/CT can identify new cancer lesions at early stage, allowing for prompt treatment

...ET/CT can help find additional lesions in patients known to have cancer," said SNM member Richard L. Wahl, ...lung cancer. Wahl explained that in patients with known cancer, work-ups focus on a patient's primary disease and incidental coexistence of another primary ...

Leprosy microbes lead scientists to immune discovery

...onent of mycobacteria. The large white blood cells known as monocytes rapidly differentiated into the two d...to "educate" and stir up a second immune response, known as "adaptive" immunity. Until now, laboratory dish experiments hadn't revealed that the instantaneo...

First North American Encapsulated Islet Transplant without Long-term Immune Suppression into a Patient with Type 1 Diabetes

...10% of Europeans resistant to HIV. Scientists have known for some time that these individuals carry a genetic mutation (known as CCR5-delta32) that prevents the virus from entering the cells of the immune system but have been unable to account for the high levels of the gene in Scandinavia and relatively l...

Used in a new way, RNA interference permanently silences key breast cancer gene

... that expression of a protein called TWIST that is known to be involved in cancer metastasis was drastically reduced in the STAT3 knockdown cells, thus greatly reducing the ability of these cancer cells to invade normal tissues like the lung. "Somehow STAT3 is controlling TWIST expression, and this is impo...

Bioelectronic ‘signatures?hold key to DNA mutations

...chers custom-made several individual nanocrystals, known as quantum dots, from four heavy metal salts of lead, cadmium, zinc and copper. Such nanocrystals were selected owing to their ability to yield distinct electronic signatures, with four well-resolved current peaks. Next, the nanocrystals are piggybac...

Researchers unlock mechanism creating jigsaw puzzle-like plant cells

...ical interactions in a group of cellular proteins, known as GTPases (guanosine triphosphatases) that act as molecular switches, which regulate how plant cells grow into interlocking patterns resembling jigsaw puzzle pieces. These proteins tell one part of a cell to grow outward while telling its neighbor ...

New understanding of DNA repair may pave way to cancer treatments

A Burnham Institute study has found that a protein known for its role in gene regulation has another important function, that of initiating DNA repair. The study, published in the May 27th edition of Molecular Cell, points to new targets for treatment of cancer. Ze'ev Ronai, Ph.D., Director of the Institu...

Cerebral navigation: How do nerve fibers know what direction to grow in?

... and ultimately restore nerve function. It's been known that cells synthesize an inhibitory protein called...growing has been a mystery. "Very little has been known about the inner workings of the cell that govern axon guidance," says Michael Greenberg, PhD, Direct...

Study: 'homemade' gene expression technology unreliable

... Otherwise, scientists using DNA microarrays, also known as gene chips, risk having their research results called into question, said Peter Spencer, Ph.D., professor of neurology in the OHSU School of Medicine. Spencer, director of the OHSU Center for Research on Occupational and Environmental Toxicology,...

A puzzle piece found in unraveling the wiring of the brain

...s part of a protein complex (the exocyst) which is known to be required for secretion (or exocytosis) of ve...ost of these cell contact proteins were previously known to display highly dynamic expression patterns in both time and space, but how they are put at the ri...

Brain-injury rehabilitation depends on acetylcholine circuitry

...asticity of brain reorganization in a brain region known to be "cholinergic independent" with the area governing forelimb control, which was "cholinergic dependent." They found that the former region did not require rehabilitative training to reorganize itself. "Identifying neuronal mechanisms underlying ...

NIH Researchers Discover How Insulin Allows Entry of Glucose Into Cells

...er covering, or membrane, by a family of molecules known as glucose transporters. In the study, the researc..., GLUT 4 is contained in the membrane of tiny sacs known as vesicles. Another author of the current study, Samuel Cushman, Ph.D., of NIDDK’s Diabetes Branch,...

Scientists journey to southern Africa to unravel the secret world of elephant communication

...r sensitive trunks and feet. Scientists have long known that seismic communication is common in small anim...nell-Rodwell is particularly intrigued by one bull known as Billy Idol, easily recognizable by the extra holes in his large ears. "He's got a lot of ear pier...

New tumor-suppressor gene discovered

...lab added a human mats gene to tumor-plagued flies known to have a genetic defect in their mats gene, then ...This mutation was a type of "transposable element" known to be able to jump to different locations along the DNA. The inserted material disrupted the gene's ...

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