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Tag: "involves" at biology news

Gladstone investigators identify a new protective action for the powerful anti-HIV factor, APOBEC3G

...chromosomal sites with potentially damaging effect involves copying DNA into RNA and then back into DNA again. The A3G RNA protein complex, Chiu determined, interrupts this retro-element replication cycle by binding the retro-element RNAs and sequestering them in the cytoplasm away from the nuclear machinery ...

Penn researcher shows that DNA gets kinky easily at the nanoscale

... of DNA just a few nanometers long. The technique involves dragging an extremely sharp tip across the contours of the molecule in order to create a picture of its structure. With this tool, Nelson and his colleagues measured the energies required to make various bends in DNA at lengths of five to 50 nanome...

Early-stage immune system control of HIV may depend on inherited factors

...or. An essential aspect of the immune response involves educating T cells to recognize pathogens or other "non-self" proteins. This is done by means of human leukocyte antigen (HLA) receptors that sit on the surface of virtually every cell. Immune system cells that ingest bacteria or parasites digest tho...

Why do cold animals make bigger babies?

Reproduction involves a critical decision: Should an organism invest energy in a few large offspring or many small ones? In a new study from The American Naturalist, Michael Angilletta (Indiana State University), Chris Oufiero (University of California, Riverside), and Ad...

NHGRI aims to make DNA sequencing faster, more cost effective

...ng of whole human genomes. The sequencing strategy involves obtaining short reads (about 25 DNA bases) from billions of strands of DNA immobilized on a surface inside a reagent flow cell. The research plan aims to advance this strategy to achieve high accuracy, re-sequencing of highly variable genomes and ass...

Sequencing of the oyster mushroom genome

...ver, the project of sequencing the complete genome involves the handling of a volume of 280 million letters, given the fact that each one of the two sets of genes has to be read several times in order to ensure a good result. It is like a complicated text that demands an assurance that there are no errors in ...

Peering into the shadow world of RNA

...s critical.? One of these suppression mechanisms involves short interfering RNA, or siRNA, a form of non-coding RNA that specifically targets and inactivates the stretch of DNA from which it originated. In the case of transposons, this would effectively limit their ability to act, thus protecting the genome...

Scientists show drug can counteract muscular dystrophy in mice

...thways the inhibitors use to create bigger muscles involves the activation of follistatin. "If you didn't have follistatin anymore, these drugs didn't work," he says. Moreover, Drs. Sartorelli's and Puri's groups were able to show that in normal animals, follistatin is upregulated when muscle is damaged. Wh...

How the brain weaves a memory

... magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). This technique involves using harmless radio waves and magnetic fields to measure blood flow to brain regions, which reflects brain activity. As their brains were scanned, the subjects were shown words of different colors and that were located in different quadrants of the ...

Discovery of the first resistance gene to rice yellow mottle virus

...tegy developed by the IRD for combating this virus involves introducing part of the viral genes into the plant genome by transgenesis, as has been done in other plant/virus interactions, with the aim of inducing resistance to RYMV. The results show that the transgenic plants have only partial resistance, and ...

Novel pathway regulates timing of brain cell development

Brain formation involves the carefully timed production of different types of nerve cells by neural stem cells: neurons are produced first, then astrocytes. Making too much of one kind of cell and too little of another at a given time could lead to brain malformations. In th...

Cocaine high caused by interference in neuronal receiving stations

...f the glutamate receptor. Such activation normally involves addition to NR2B of a molecular group called a phosphate by an enzyme called a kinase, and the cocaine-induced D2R attachment blocked this event. Wang and his colleagues found that this interaction between D2R and NR2B occurred specifically in the...

Nature's process for nitrogen fixation caught in action

...d to ammonia fertilizer by a chemical process that involves high temperature and high pressure. Nature does the same thing at ambient temperature and pressure. The process, called nitrogen fixation, is essential to life as it provides nutrients to plant life. A research team from Utah State University, Virgi...

Pheromone from mother's milk may rapidly promote learning in newborn mammals

...o rapidly improve their milk-finding skills likely involves learning that "new" odors--for example, those from the mother's abdomen, or of milk itself--are associated with food. In the new work, the researchers investigated whether the mammary pheromone plays a role in the ability of newborns to learn to a...

Scientist's persistence sheds light on marine science riddle

...on a 40-year-old evolutionary debate. The debate involves the mechanism underlying the island rule: that small animals isolated on islands evolve to be larger than their mainland relatives, and large animals evolve to be smaller. In a paper to be published in September in the Journal of Biogeography, "The I...

Scientists win grants to develop $1,000 genome sequencing technology

...mosomes extracted from the cells of one individual involves cutting the DNA into tens of millions to hundreds of millions of pieces, and Pevzner is developing the computational techniques needed to computationally reassemble the chromosomes by piecing together the overlapping ends of all the fragments after t...

Teenager moves video icons just by imagination

...w York State Department of Health in Albany) which involves a video game that is linked to the ECoG grid. They then asked the boy to do various motor and speech tasks, moving his hands various ways, talking, and imagining. The team could see from the data which parts of the brain and what brain signals correl...

Inheritance outside DNA

...ound in 5?0 percent of the general population—that involves the loss of imprinting on an insulin-like growth factor gene called IGF2. Loss of imprinting of IGF2 has been associated statistically with individuals who have personal and familial histories of colorectal cancer. Turning to mice that modeled the lo...

Most important actors in the growth process of neurons identified

...m. Axon growth is a complicated process in that it involves growth as well as orientation and recognition. So it's not surprising that many different genes are involved. To bring clarity to this complex organization, Mohammed Srahna and his colleagues, led by Bassem Hassan, have been studying the DCN (Dorsal ...

High-throughput oncogene mutation detection in human cancers by mass spectrometry-based genotyping

... which shut down the affected oncogenes. The test involves taking a sample of fresh or frozen tumor, amplifying its DNA, and then searching for 250 known mutations in 17 oncogenes. (These include members of the ras, EGFR, pi3 and c-kit kinase families, among others.) To check performance of the genotyping, ...

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