Tag: "invading" at biology news

Vital step in cellular migration described by UCSD medical researchers

...h, tissue repair and the body's immune response to invading pathogens, has been demonstrated by researchers in the University of California, San Diego (UCSD) School of Medicine. Published in the March 27 online edition of Nature Cell Biology and the journal's upcoming April print edition, the study describes ...

Taking Aim With Nanoparticle PEBBLEs

.... Unlike chemotherapy drugs that attack tumors by invading cancer cells and disrupting their DNA, PEBBLEs never enter the cells they target. Instead, they attach to the outside of the targeted cell and shoot reactive oxygen species into it, setting off "an avalanche of damage," said Kopelman. By staying outs...

New Insights Into HIV Immunity Suggest Alternative Approach to Vaccines

...o produce adaptive antibodies that target only the invading virus or other pathogens. Many widely used non-HIV vaccines "train" adaptive antibodies to seek out a unique protein on the protective outer coating of viruses. HIV researchers have attempted to induce broadly neutralizing antibodies ?long-lived, HIV...

Chemists identify immune system mechanism for methamphetamine binges

...ke reaction." Just as a vaccine is able to remove invading pathogens by using antibodies to the pathogen, antibodies to methamphetamine attack and begin to clear the drug, Janda says. If the antibodies prevent some of the drug from reaching its place of action in the brain's pleasure center, users might requ...

Silence the gene, save the cell: RNA interference as promising therapy for ALS

...ular housekeeping process that protects cells from invading viruses or other genetic threats. It works by interrupting messenger RNA as it transfers the genetic code for a protein from the nucleus to the site in the cell where the protein is synthesized. To trigger RNA interference and silence a gene, short ...

Researchers report new pro-inflammatory role for anti-inflammatory enzyme

... Dr. Hobbs. "This aids host defense by killing the invading organism, but in excessive quantities starts to lead to host-damage. In sepsis, this is manifested predominantly as a profound hypotension, inadequate tissue perfusion and organ failure. This often results in death." Previously, Dr. Hobbs and collea...

Leprosy microbes lead scientists to immune discovery

...roles. The innate response swings into action when invading microbes are detected by molecules called Toll-like receptors (TLRs) that stick out of the cell's outer membrane, serving as a trip-wire to raise the alarm. The TLRs spur the monocytes to differentiate into the two rapid response cell types. Why thi...

Aggressive aquatic species invading Great Lakes

...reign species, such as zebra mussels and carp, are invading the Great Lakes and changing the ecology of this vital ecosystem. A study from McMaster University published in the March issue of the Journal of Great Lakes Research suggests that for the round goby, a recently introduced fish species, their ability...

Scientists journey to southern Africa to unravel the secret world of elephant communication

..., and to prevent one of these large creatures from invading tents or destroying delicate electronic gear, the research team erected a 7-foot-tall cloth barrier around the perimeter of the campsite. Though no thicker than a washcloth, the light-brown tarp proved an effective deterrent against wandering herbivo...

Plant Sacrifices Cells to Fight Invaders

...ead cells around the infection site to prevent the invading pathogen from spreading. But how the plants keep from killing themselves after they turn on the cell-suicide process was a mystery. Now, in the May 20 issue of the journal Cell, Yale University's Savithramma Dinesh-Kumar and his colleagues report fi...

Finding hidden invaders in a Hawaiian rain forest

...itude aircraft, scientists detected two species of invading plants that are changing the ecology of rain fores...etrosideros polymorpha) has been taken over by the invading Canary Islands tree, Myrica faya, and more importantly identified areas where Myrica invasion is in ...

Fox Chase study shows that weakened T-cell receptor signals change T-cell lineage

... development. "The recognition and destruction of invading pathogens by T lymphocytes is essential to the ability of humans to resist disease," said Wiest. "T cells recognize these invaders by means of a surface structure called the T-cell antigen receptor complex, or TCR." Two distinct lineages of T cells ...

Natural Killers Could Lead to New Hepatitis Treatments

... attract other inflammatory cells that destroy the invading microorganism and may also facilitate repair of the damage.?/p> In other experiments, the researchers explored the role of the CXCR6 receptor in the NKT cell's behavior. Receptors are protein sensors that nestle in the membranes of cells and dete...

High fidelity keeps human DNA assembly line humming

...lead to cancer or can support the life cycle of an invading virus. Researchers consider control of RNA synthesis to be a huge issue in human health. It is also the foundation of how living systems function. In the world of molecular biology, much attention has been given to how RNA is made. Burton explains t...

Specialized immune-system B cells play double-barreled role

...he immune system, producing antibodies that target invading microbes for destruction. Generally, B-1 cells have been thought to play a major role in the innate immune response -- the type of immunity that offers rapid, generalized responses to infections. Less understood has been any role in adaptive immunity...

Scripps research scientists solve structure of a critical innate immune system protein

...n the human innate immune system to rapidly detect invading pathogens. "We don't know functionally how TLR proteins work," says Professor Ian Wilson, D.Phil., who is a professor in the Department of Molecular Biology at The Scripps Research Institute and a member of the The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biol...

Researchers seek to discover what really happens when a virus enters the body

...o support her thesis that the body recognizes some invading substances are not dangerous include the development of a fetus during a woman's pregnancy and the production of milk by lactating women. So the question remains: do we really know what a body's host cell does when a virus infects it? Bell and Du...

New protein vital for immune response is found in surprise location

...d new functions by serving as a sentinel to detect invading pathogens and other stressful signals, ensuring that the host cells survive and thrive even in adverse environments. Dr. Chen and his research group are currently working to determine how the MAVS protein functions within the complex series of bioch...

Hide and seek: Researchers discover a new way for infectious bacteria to enter cells

... called phagocytosis. Specialized cells engulf the invading microbe and destroy it. Scientists long believed that cells use a second process, called endocytosis, to deal with smaller molecules or viruses. In endocytsosis, a cell's outer membrane pinches inward around the target to form a pocket that's brough...

Gene discovery sheds light on causes of rare disease, cancer

... called phagocytosis. Specialized cells engulf the invading microbe and destroy it. Scientists long believed that cells use a second process, called endocytosis, to deal with smaller molecules or viruses. In endocytsosis, a cell's outer membrane pinches inward around the target to form a pocket that's brough...

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