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Tag: "intestinal" at biology news

UCSD team unmasks family of immune system invaders

...al pathogens can inject effector proteins into the intestinal epithelial cells, creating a door in the barrier. "As a result, these bacteria proteins are the bad guys that make you sick," said Alto. "Instead of curing the illness by giving a patient antibiotics, it might be possible to target these effectors,...

Minor mutations in avian flu virus increase chances of human infection

...reference of the avian virus from receptors in the intestinal tract of birds to the respiratory tract of humans....inding to ?2-3-linked sialic acids on receptors of intestinal epithelial cells, while human viruses are usually specific for the ?2-6 linkage on epithelial cells ...

Botox could help target resistant tumors for treatment

...olecule, and historically has been implicated with intestinal poisonings. It has been developed for several clinical applications, including facial spasms, strabismus (a disease of the eye muscles), and other muscle hyperactivity. It also has become popularly known as Botox for its cosmetic uses on the face. ...

Plants give pests sock in the gut

...heart of the matrix is a protein called the insect intestinal mucin, or IIM. It is very similar to the mucus layer in animals and is vital for nutrient utilization because it helps the flow of nutrients into the food gut. The researchers tested the permeability of the matrix using blue dextran, a fermented su...

Yale scientists decipher 'wiring pattern' of cell signaling networks

...tion of complex cell types such as brain cells and intestinal cells." Over the past several years, a large volume of information on genes in organisms as diverse as man, mouse, baker's yeast and viruses has been generated. While genomic DNA is the blueprint, the encoded proteins are the products that carry ou...

Worms know bad food when they smell it

...erapy. Patients' receiving chemotherapy experience intestinal damage, which sends a serotonin signal to the brain that triggers nausea. "People who are getting chemotherapy are told 'eat only bland foods -- don't eat foods you really like because you won't be able to eat them again,' because you'll have this le...

Living anti-HIV gel shows early promise

...iving gel' that could be applied to the vaginal or intestinal tracts to protect against HIV/AIDS infection. The...of the HIV-blocking protein. The reproductive and intestinal tracts are prime sites for HIV infection. Various microbes live in each, playing an important role i...

Bacteria recognize antimicrobials, respond with counter-defenses

... well as cereals and other foods, and cause severe intestinal illness. Certain strains of the bacteria are difficult to treat, and are behind the increase of salmonellosis in people. Some food science institutes anticipate that virulent strains of salmonella will become more common throughout the food chain. Le...

A slight difference and significant similarities

...sed as fiber and have a beneficial effect on human intestinal flora. The main results of the study showed that ... polysaccharides have a beneficial effect on human intestinal flora and are therefore a very desirable nutritional component. Potatoes containing inulin were deve...

Recombinant DNA technology may enable oral, rather than injectable, delivery of protein drugs

...ered that transferrin can bind to receptors on the intestinal epithelial cells and be transported across the GI tract to the blood stream," Shen says. "Humans naturally produce transferrin to move iron through the blood to the liver, spleen and bone marrow. It has been used to carry some protein-based drugs in ...

Thai spice helps cut blood sugar swings

...sm. The study, entitled "Hydroxycitric acid delays intestinal glucose absorption in rats," appears online and in the June issue of the American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology, published by the American Physiological Society. The research was conducted by Peter Y. Wielinga, Renate E....

Discovery clarifies role of peptide in biological clock

...VIP is not "very important person," but vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP), a neuropeptide originally found in the gut, that is also made by a specialized group of neurons in the brain. Erik Herzog, Ph.D., Washington University assistant professor of Biology in Arts & Sciences, has discovered that VIP...

Stanford gut check shows diversity of intestinal ecosystem

...have embarked on the early stages of exploring the intestinal ecosystem. Using molecular techniques that detect...died, he found 395 unique bacterial species. "The intestinal flora is critical to human physiology and a wide spectrum of disease, but the first step in studying...

OneWorld Health drug receives 'Orphan' designation from U.S. and European regulatory agencies

...rketed in the U.S. as an oral formulation to treat intestinal parasites. The largest-ever Phase III clinical trial for visceral leishmaniasis was completed in November 2004 by OneWorld Health in collaboration with the Special Programme for Research and Training in Tropical Diseases of the World Health Organizat...

NSAID drug protects against intestinal tumors in mice, despite poor diet and gene losses

In mouse models of intestinal cancer, use of an anti-inflammatory drug eliminated all of the cancer-causing risks produced by a high-fat Western-style diet - even when several genetic brakes to cancer formation were missing in the animals, say researchers from the Albert Einstein...

Iron exporter revealed that may explain common human disorder

...n once absorbed. Mice lacking ferroportin only in intestinal cells also developed severe iron deficiency anemia...creased iron release from macrophages and enhanced intestinal absorption. Indeed, patients with the disease exhibit a deficiency of hepcidin, a hormone that binds...

Rats infected as newborns grew up vulnerable to memory problems during an immune challenge

...rat pups on postnatal Day 4 either with the common intestinal bacteria E. coli, with salt water, or with nothing. In rats, Day 4 is like the third trimester in human pregnancies, a time when the brain grows significantly. Once the pups grew up, Bilbo and her colleagues tested the adults' memory about 60 days a...

Highly adaptable genome in gut bacterium key to intestinal health

...the gut and ensure the functional stability of the intestinal bioreactor, the researchers say. In addition, vari...researchers inoculated germ-free mice, who have no intestinal bacteria, with B. theta. The mice were fed a diet high in complex carbohydrates and low in simple su...

W.M. Keck Foundation funds study of friendly microbes

...use models of the human gut ecosystem to show that intestinal bacteria allow calories to be harvested from otherwise indigestible components of the diet, such as polysaccharides. These microbes also regulate the amount of extracted energy that is stored in fat cells. The implication of these findings is that va...

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