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Tag: "inside" at biology news

How 'memory' T cells curb the spread of viruses throughout the body

...CD8 T cells rapidly multiply and kill target cells inside the lymph node. “In fact we found that memory CD8 T cells already killed target cells in the lymph node and decreased viral spread to the liver and spleen when the virus just barely started to multiply.” Thus, memory CD8 T cells do not prevent...

Surprising origin of cell's internal highways

...up the cytoskeleton -- a web of microscopic fibers inside the cell. They form when two globular proteins, alpha- and beta-tubulin, polymerize into long chains, which then assemble into long, hollow tubes. In order to gain a foothold, nascent microtubule "seeds" must be anchored at a structure near the c...

Revealed -- Mosquito genes that could be controlling the spread of killer viruses

...the mechanisms by which a pathogen either survives inside the insect body, or is killed by the insect’s defences.” The international research team, led by Imperial PhD student Robert Waterhouse, focused on comparing the immunity genes of the Aedes mosquito with similar groups of genes in the harmless fru...

Experimental gene therapy 'abolishes' arthritis pain and lessens joint damage

...s the shape of the dock to set off chain reactions inside the cell, enabling it to respond to the signal. On nerve cells for instance, certain receptors are shaped to accept naturally occurring painkillers called opioids, which when they dock, prevent the sending of pain messages along nerve pathways. I...

Focused ultrasound relieves fibroid symptoms in women

... Uterine fibroids are benign growths of the muscle inside the uterus. According to the National Institutes of Health, at least 25 percent of women in the United States age 25 to 50 suffer from symptomatic uterine fibroids. Fibroid symptoms can include excessive menstrual bleeding, enlarged uterine size, fre...

Protein enables discovery of quantum effect in photosynthesis

...agues used 2-D spectroscopy to study what happens inside a bacteriochlorophyll complex, and detected a 'quantum beating." The effect, described in the April 12, 2007 issue of Nature, occurs when light-induced excitations in the complex meet and interfere constructively ­ much like the interactions that ...

Students invent protective pouch to enhance cell therapy

... by anchoring transplanted insulin-producing cells inside a major blood vessel. A team of five seniors and...eers, devised a protective "pouch" that should fit inside the portal vein, which feeds into the liver. This pouch would keep microcapsules of therapeutic cell...

Diminishing dinosaur steps saved by laser and laptop

... quarry tracks from many different angles and even inside out. This information is very important for palaeontologists and dinosaur locomotion experts, because it gives an insight into the way these dinosaurs moved and the environments in which they lived. The on-going project - run in conjunction wit...

Iowa State scientists demonstrate first use of nanotechnology to enter plant cells

... technology to deliver imaging agents or chemicals inside cell walls. This would provide plant biologists wi...ically activated to pop open and release the cargo inside of animal cells. This unique feature provides total control for timing the delivery The team’s f...

Growing nerve cells in 3-D dramatically affects gene expression

...to grow nerve cells that will flourish when placed inside the body. So Hoffman-Kim put 2-D and 3-D cell culture methods to a comparative test. Would the cells be different" Which ones would grow best" To answer that question, Hoffman-Kim and researchers in her lab took a line of cancerous nerve cells and...

Individuals and populations differ in gene activity levels, not just genes

..." explained Storey. "We looked at what's happening inside the body, beyond what's hard-wired into the genes." Scientists have known for many years about genetic variation, in which individual letters in the genetic code change between individuals and between different populations. However, this study is...

Deconstructing brain wiring, one neuron at a time

...nication, but they have two drawbacks. First, once inside the brain, they keep spreading from cell to cell w...ene deleted from its genome, the virus is marooned inside a cell, unable to spread beyond it. However, supplying the missing gene in that same cell allows the...

Researchers wake up viruses inside tumors to image and then destroy cancers

... have found a way to activate Epstein-Barr viruses inside tumors as a way to identify patients whose infection can then be manipulated to destroy their tumors. They say this strategy could offer a novel way of treating many cancers associated with Epstein-Barr, including at least four different types of ly...

Bones in motion: Brown scientists to create new 3-D X-ray system

...and scientists to do the seemingly impossible: See inside living humans and animals and watch their bones move in 3-D as they run, fly, jump, swim and slither. This high-resolution, high-speed imaging system will contribute to better treatments for knee, shoulder, wrist and back injuries and help scienti...

Sandia researchers take new approach to studying how cells respond to pathogens

...roduction of proteins or protein-binding processes inside or on the surface of the cells. The team is developing one platform with two complementary microfluidic modules -- one for trapping and imaging viable cells during stimulation with pathogens. The other combines cell preparation steps, cell selecti...

Study shows isolation of stem cells may lead to a treatment for hearing loss

...velopment of the sensory ‘microphones?(hair cells) inside the ear ?the cochlea. Lost hair cells are not repl...rget is the highly specialized hair cells. Docked inside the spiral duct of the human cochlea are ~15,000 hair cells, which are highly specialized neuroepith...

Despite their heft, many dinosaurs had surprisingly tiny genomes

... cells reside in individual lacunae, small pockets inside bone tissue. This uniquely durable cellular housing allowed the scientists to look back in time at the size of 31 extinct species' genomes: By measuring lacunae in dinosaur and extinct bird specimens housed at Harvard's Museum of Comparative Zoology ...

Nanotextured implant materials: blending in, not fighting back

...nd create a texture of fine nanoscale bumps on the inside of the blood vessel. This contrasts strongly with most of the materials used in implants, which have microscale texture, but are nearly smooth at the nanoscale. When the researchers changed the surface texture of implant materials to better match ...

Imaging techniques permit scientists to follow a day -- or four -- in the life of a cell

...e and observe what it's doing and where it's going inside the cell. This microinjection technique is similar to those that are used to create cloned and transgenic organisms, and it can also be applied to more complex assays--including laser photobleaching and fluorescent speckle microscopy--that yield spec...

NIAID DNA vaccine for H5N1 avian influenza enters human trial

...ons of the influenza virus' genetic material. Once inside the body, the DNA instructs human cells to make proteins that act as a vaccine against the virus. VRC Director Gary Nabel, M.D., Ph.D., together with a team of scientists from the VRC recognized the potential for employing new vaccine technology ...

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