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Tag: "inner" at biology news

The brain, traffic and nano-circuits -- e-Science takes on major challenges

...kes a significant contribution to air pollution in inner cities. Governments devise policies and traffic management schemes to minimise the impact of air pollution. More detailed knowledge of how traffic-generated pollution behaves in the urban environment could greatly enhance these policies and schemes...

Global warming may have damaged coral reefs forever

...nd over 50,000 square metres of coral reefs in the inner islands of the Seychelles in 1994 and 2005. The... off (or 'bleaching') more than 90 per cent of the inner Seychelles coral. The team, led by the University of Newcastle upon Tyne, and which comprises res...

One therapeutic dose of radiation causes 30 percent spongy bone loss in mice

...tion lost up to 39% of the spongy portion of their inner bone, reducing the inner bone's weight bearing connections by up to 64%, researchers reported. The study, which appears in th...

Scientists identify protein with a crucial role in cell death

...vital function, scientists have suspected that the inner workings of a cell depend largely on how the mitochondria function. Therefore, it has been suspected that poorly functioning mitochondria can, among other things, lead to a disturbance in brain cells and thus contribute to Parkinson's disease. A n...

With few factors, adult cells take on character of embryonic stem cells

...e tissue. Embryonic stem cells are derived from inner cells of the mammalian blastocyst, a ball of cells that develops after fertilization and goes on to form a developing embryo. Cells from other parts of the body can also be "reprogrammed" by transferring their nuclear contents into egg cell precursor...

Computational model simulates AZT metabolism in mitochondria

...orm of AZT can enter the mitochondrial matrix, the inner core of the mitochondrion, and disrupt the replication of mitochondrial DNA by prematurely terminating DNA synthesis. Samuels added: "We're just starting our work. It is too early to say what the mechanism of mitochondrial toxicity of AZT is. The i...

With few factors, adult cells take on character of embryonic stem cells

...e tissue. Embryonic stem cells are derived from inner cells of the mammalian blastocyst, a ball of cells that develops after fertilization and goes on to form a developing embryo. Cells from other parts of the body can also be "reprogrammed" by transferring their nuclear contents into egg cell precursor...

Bones hold the key to blood renewal

...n special 'stem cell niches' nestled in the bones' inner walls. Inside these sheltered nurseries, the stem ... bloodstream to assist in repairing damage. The inner walls of the bones are also sites of intensive reconstruction. While one type of cell, the osteoblas...

A catalogue of proteins

...cal methods have allowed scientists to examine the inner life of the cell, an organisational unit basic to all life. Now, they are clarifying its structures in detail: from mitochondria, the "factories" of cells, which create energy; to the endoplasmic reticulum, necessary for protein synthesis and metabol...

AIDS-related cognitive impairment exists in two separate forms

...urified from normal colon tissue. This epithelial inner lining of the colon contains about 50 million test-tube shaped crypts that line the colon. Colon cancer arises in these crypts, and researchers believe that the cells of origin are the 10-20 immortal stem cells that reside at the bottom of each crypt...

Markers of gene, protein, or micro-RNA activity predict outcome in prostate and colorectal cancers

...urified from normal colon tissue. This epithelial inner lining of the colon contains about 50 million test-tube shaped crypts that line the colon. Colon cancer arises in these crypts, and researchers believe that the cells of origin are the 10-20 immortal stem cells that reside at the bottom of each crypt...

'Prosthetic' retinal cells let blind mice see light

...eatable by using the technique. "The remodeling of inner retinal neurons triggered by photoreceptor degeneration has raised some concerns for the retinal-based rescue strategy after the death of photoreceptors," wrote Pan and colleagues. "However, retinal degenerative diseases are heterogeneous as to the t...

Inside rocks, implications for finding life on Mars

...e technique, first used by biologists to study the inner workings of living cells, is new to geology. The ancient microorganisms are "pond scum," among the earliest life, much too small to be seen with the naked eye. Schopf's UCLA co-authors include geology graduate students Abhishek Tripathi and Andrew ...

Anemone genes reveal versatile building blocks for body plans

...omponents deployed exclusively in the endoderm, or inner germ layer. It therefore appears that the ancient, ancestral function for this signaling system may have been to determine the different germ layers of the developing embryo in animals that lacked a bilateral body plan. Over evolutionary time, the ...

Yale researchers find environmental toxins disruptive to hearing in mammals

...sed profound changes in sound amplification in the inner ear. In his previous study using TBT on isolated cells only, Santos-Sacchi had proposed that the ear's ability to perceive sound would be compromised. He also speculated that whales and other marine mammals exposed to TBT would have altered sound lo...

UF scientists trace origin of shark's electric sense

...nically sense their environment, and organs of the inner ear that enable people to keep their balance. But scientists suspect as human ancestors emerged from the sea, they discarded their lateral lines as well as their ability to sense electrical fields. "Our fishy ancestors had the anatomy for it," said ...

How sperm crack the whip

...ally open a new window into its largely mysterious inner workings. Howard Hughes Medical Institute investigator David E. Clapham and his colleagues published their findings in the February 9, 2006, issue of the journal Nature. Lead author on the paper was Yuriy Kirichok and the other co-author was Bets...

Protein 'nanosprings' most resilient found in nature

... in association with specialized hair cells of the inner ear, where they play a critical role in converting sound (a mechanical stimulus) into an electrical signal that can be transmitted to the brain ?a process known as mechanotransduction. Ankyrin proteins also coordinate the ion channels and transporte...

Researchers solve mystery of how nuclear pores duplicate before cell division

...les such as RNA and protein in and out of a cell's inner sanctum, the nucleus, which safeguards the cell's genomic brain. All chemical reactions that occur in a cell emanate from the genes within the nucleus. "Maybe not surprisingly, any disturbance in the flow of information across the nuclear membrane ca...

'Nano-keys' bind cell receptors and trigger allergic reactions

... attach to the surface. This activates the cell's inner machinery. Said Baird: "In this way, we can control what the cell sees. The cells are binding to the engineered surfaces and getting turned on. We can then see how the cell is organizing itself due to the stimulus." Collaborators include: David Hol...

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