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Tag: "inhibits" at biology news

A gene's first 'kiss' sets off that affair known as puberty

...is defective in children with a rare disorder that inhibits puberty's onset. To better understand what role GPR54 plays in the initiation of puberty, as well as learn about KiSS-1, which in earlier rodent studies had been identified as a molecule that activates a signal receptor of GPR54, the researchers look...

Inflammatory molecules released by pollen trigger allergies

...of a soluble protein by immune cells that normally inhibits allergic reactions. They went on to identify the compound in the pollen extracts that caused the inhibitory response and showed that it was similar to certain pro-inflammatory molecules produced in the body in response to injury or infection. The aut...

Novel Enzyme Shows Potential As An Anti-HIV Target

...all molecule HR73, a derivative of a molecule that inhibits the yeast version of the SIRT1 protein, caused a 5-fold reduction in HIV transcription. The authors propose a cycle of transcriptional transactivation in which SIRT1 deacetylates Tat at the HIV promoter. Deacetylated Tat associates with CyclinT1 and...

Yale Scientists Find MicroRNA Regulates Ras Cancer Gene

...s Ras by binding to the message for Ras and likely inhibits translation of the Ras protein," said Slack. "The microRNA does not revert a mutated Ras to normal; instead it acts like a brake on an accelerated Ras." Lung cancer currently has a poor prognosis with less than 15 percent of patients surviving five ...

Vital step in cellular migration described by UCSD medical researchers

...ited understanding of the molecular mechanism that inhibits Rac activity in the back of the cell, to maintain directional movement. In laboratory experiments with human and animal cells, the UCSD team discovered that the alpha4 integrin recruits enzymes that block Rac activity only at the rear of a crawling c...

Newly Discovered Compound Blocks Known Cancer-Causing Protein

...ientists have discovered a potential new drug that inhibits destructive cell signals that drive the growth of ... called farnesyltransferase. Blocking this protein inhibits Ras' ability to send growth-promoting signals inside cells. Several such compounds have shown promis...

Key Trigger Of Opioid Withdrawal Symptoms Found

...lved in such withdrawal symptoms. Opiate addiction inhibits neuron activity in this region, which alters the n... wrote that, since GABA is a neurotransmitter that inhibits nerve impulses, drugs to inhibit the GABA transporter "could produce their therapeutic effect throug...

Gene Signatures Predict Interferon Response For Multiple Sclerosis Patients

...e expression profile of targeted cells—that is, it inhibits or activates certain genes—which in turn alters the cells' activity. Blood samples were taken from 52 patients with relapsing-remitting MS (marked by acute flare-ups followed by partial or full recovery), and their RNA was isolated from a class of i...

Norovirus, AIDS vaccine and Hepatitis Virus

..., B.S. Boyd, F.V. Chisari. 2005. Lambda interferon inhibits hepatitis B and C virus replication. Journal of Virology, 79. 6: 3851-3854.) ...

Polymers with copper show promise for implanted sensors

... vessel, where it plays another important role: it inhibits platelet function and prevents platelets from sticking to the surface of the blood vessels." Over the years, Meyerhoff and collaborators have developed nitric oxide-releasing polymers, then coated sensors with the polymers and implanted the sensors ...

Molecule that usually protects infection-fighting cells may cause plaque deposits inside arteries

..., called apoptosis inhibitor of macrophage or AIM, inhibits cell death in macrophages, which circulate in the bloodstream and help the body fend off infection and foreign substances. The AIM-protected macrophages go on to encourage buildup of fats on the interior walls of arteries, according to Dr. Toru Miyaz...

Light therapy may combat fungal infections, new evidence suggests

...d the worldwide HIV/AIDS epidemic. Light normally inhibits mating of C. neoformans. The Duke team has now identified two genes responsible for that light response. Loss of the same genes also reduces fungal virulence in mice, they reported. Earlier studies had linked the genes to light-sensing in another di...

Defensins Ward Off HIV In Two Ways

...icine analyze how alpha-defensin-1, in particular, inhibits HIV infection in CD4+ T cells. CD4 + T cells are white blood cells that have molecules called CD4 on their exterior. They help orchestrate the body's response to viruses and therefore play important roles in the immune system. The researchers show t...

Cancer drug slows poxvirus in mice

...own as chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML). Gleevec inhibits Abl-family tyrosine kinases and has proved very useful in treating CML. To learn whether Gleevec could prevent or lessen vaccinia's ability to spread in a living organism, the researchers treated mice with either saline solution or with Gleevec at a...

Protein synthesis can be controlled by light, opening way for new scientific, medical applications

...ared laser beam. (Anisomycin is an antibiotic that inhibits protein synthesis.) The new chromophore, called Bhc, is the only one sensitive enough to light that it can mediate light-induced protein synthesis inhibition in a living system. While previous studies have focused on releasing molecules that activat...

Enzyme's newly discovered role may make it target for arthritis treatment

... of treatment for HIV, the virus that causes AIDS, inhibits proteases, so scientists who try to block cathepsin G's role in inflammation will already have an extensive body of research results to refer to. Pham's lab uses mouse models of arthritis to study the contributions of proteases and other factors to ...

Study finds adult stem cells can replicate

... of treatment for HIV, the virus that causes AIDS, inhibits proteases, so scientists who try to block cathepsin G's role in inflammation will already have an extensive body of research results to refer to. Pham's lab uses mouse models of arthritis to study the contributions of proteases and other factors to ...

Scientists discover the body's marijuana-like compounds are crucial for stress-induced pain relief

...f these marijuana-like compounds. The enzyme that inhibits the formation of the naturally occurring marijuana-like compound 2-AG is called monoacylglycerol lipase, and it is this enzyme that could be a target for therapeutic drug intervention to help those in pain. A new drug increasing the body's own marij...

Montreal researchers probe the genetic basis of memory

... has discovered that GCN2, a protein in cells that inhibits the conversion of new information into long-term memory, may be a master regulator of the switch from short-term to long-term memory. Their paper Translational control of hippocampal synaptic plasticity and memory by the eIF2a kinase GCN2, which was ...

Tetanus toxin found to have therapeutic properties

... The experiments have shown that the harmless part inhibits serotonin from being transported through the synaptic membranes, i.e. the membranes that connect the neurones so that signals can be sent through the brain. The molecule is as effective as the selective inhibitors currently used, but they are more po...

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