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Tag: "individual" at biology news

Male reindeer inflate a large air sac in the neck region to emit their hoarse rutting calls

...ir sac individualizes the calls and contributes to individual recognition. ...

Hybrid molecule causes cancer cells to self-destruct

... easily penetrate the surface of the cell than the individual chemicals. Once the components are inside, the researchers believe the partners help enzymes to resume the normal assembly of sugar molecules and correct aberrant gene expression patterns, two processes that go awry when cancer occurs. Now that th...

Soft-cell approach cuts animal tests

...ellular level at an earlier stage specifically for individual chemicals, depending on their site of action within the human body without using animals. For example, when assessing the toxicity of formaldehyde, which is known to have a toxic effect on the liver, liver type cells such as hepatocytes can be chosen...

Nanotechnology meets biology and DNA finds its groove

..., and there is no easy way to precisely single out individual molecules for study. Now, however, scientists h...a convenient and easy way to make large numbers of individual DNA molecules accessible for study. The ability to quickly get lots of molecules lined up for sequen...

When your brain talks, your muscles don't always listen

...rce, the smallest controllable unit consists of an individual neuron and the muscle fibers it stimulates. We bel...le contains 120 "motor units"--in other words, 120 individual neurons, or nerve cells, and the muscle fibers they activate. "It's a relatively simple muscle, s...

Scientists find hormone activity explains adolescent mood swings

...ivity. In the adult, this stress hormone helps the individual adapt to stress, with a calming effect produced half an hour after the event. Specifically, the GABA-A receptor is the target for steroids, such as THP (or allopregnanolone), which reduce anxiety. GABA-A receptors calm activity in the brain. As s...

Research finds music training 'tunes' human auditory system

...ical training -- will positively affect the way an individual encodes sound even at a level as basic as the brainstem," says Patrick Wong, primary author of "Musical Experience Shapes Human Brainstem Encoding of Linguistic Pitch Patterns." An old structure from an evolutionary standpoint, the brainstem once was...

A new study of living cells could revolutionize the way we test drugs

...cell and a new way to test drugs. To stay alive, individual biological cells must transfer electrically charged particles, called ions across their cell membranes. This flow produces an electrical current that could, in principle, be detected with sensitive enough equipment. The recognition of such electrical...

Reading hidden intentions in the human brain

...of the brain participating in the reflection of an individual on his or her own mental state. ...

Progress toward artificial photosynthesis?

...talysts is made of flat, graphite-like layers. The individual layers consist of ring systems involving carbon an...way of carbamates: In the first step, CO2 binds to individual free amino groups present in the carbon nitride. It then oxidizes the benzene to phenol, and in the ...

Are we killing the world's oceans?

... the Royal Society of Canada), in partnership with individual Canadian universities, where thorny issues of national concern can be critically examined and policy approaches explored. Experts from Canada, Chile, Germany, Scotland and the US will speak on such issues as climate change, ocean acidification and...

Shedding new light on proteorhodopsin

...odopsin-equipped E. coli. By measuring the pmf of individual illuminated cells under different concentrations of azide or various degrees of lighting, the Berkeley researchers were able to quantify the coupling between light-driven and respiratory proton currents. At the highest azide concentrations, the aver...

Novel antigen-cloning technique may boost efforts to develop a melanoma vaccine

...c, meaning that they may work in treating a single individual but will be ineffective in treating a large percen...y, the investigators can then express sequences of individual genes in recipient cells to find the cell or cells with cDNA able to stimulate T cells. The old a...

How badger culling creates conditions for spread of bovine TB

...s were lowest when there was the least movement of individual badgers between groups. There have been few experimental studies of the incidence of infectious disease in socially-structured wildlife populations, and this study shows that such information is crucial to understanding how population structure af...

Scientists find method to pick noncompetitive animals, improve production

... traits that contribute to interactions among both individual animals and groups. The second paper refines the methodology and validates it by applying the tool to a flock of chickens. In previous research, Muir showed that choosing less aggressive animals from a group for breeding purposes increases product...

University of Alberta researchers unravel intricate animal patterns

...ntists shows that one movement started by a single individual ripples through the entire group—a finding that he...gs of the National Academy of Sciences." "Every individual in the group is influenced by movement of the individuals in its neighbourhood," said de Vries. Conv...

Protein overexpression at heart of heart failure

...ill controversial. Electrophysiological studies on individual L-VDCCs from failing human heart have revealed an increased single-channel activity but the mechanism for this biophysical phenotype has remained unknown.3,4 In a paper in this week’s PLoS ONE, Roger Hullin of the Swiss Heart Center Bern, Jan Matthe...

Scientists find potential 'off-switch' for HIV virus

...ill infect the T cell and become dormant. Why this individual viral infection would not begin to replicate when others do remains a mystery. "It's somewhat like the unpopped kernels of corn left in the bottom of the bag when you take it out of the microwave," Weinberger said. "They were exposed to the same ...

Scripps research study reveals structural dynamics of single prion molecules

...s." To define the dynamic structural details of individual prions, Deniz and his colleagues employed several ...ology, based on measuring fluorescence bursts from individual tagged proteins, enabled the scientists to determine that the proteins being studied were, in fact, ...

New molecular pathway could reveal how cells stick together

...ings earlier this year and was recently awarded an individual investigator research grant to extend her work from cells in a Petri dish to an organism. The grant, from the National Institute of General Medical Sciences, is for $ 1.4 million over five years. "We're trying to figure out how it works in whole f...

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