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Tag: "individual" at biology news

Decoding protein structures helps illuminate cause of diabetes

...up now plans to capture series of snapshots during individual folding reactions to identify multiple phases as the proteins convert from an unordered mishmash into flat sheets, then coil into fibers. "No matter how fast they're moving, we can take pictures of them," says Zanni. Without their automated meth...

Genome of yellow fever/dengue fever mosquito sequenced

...hin the genome. Others are used by the host -- the individual organism's genetic machinery --to perform biological functions." TEs may be developed as genetic tools to study the interaction between mosquitoes and pathogens, and thus may lead to controls of transmission of disease, Tu said. Control might tak...

Latent memory of cells comes to life

...amatic and very sudden changes are observed in one individual in the absence of any kind of change to the DNA. T...ely to constitute fundamental memory mechanisms in individual cells. The mechanism gives both stability and openness to new influences which the cell could need t...

DNA analysis suggests under-reported kills of threatened whales

...is allowed the researchers to estimate how long an individual whale was available for sale in the markets ?a pro...cay of radio-isotopes. Fewer meat products from an individual whale remain on the market with each succeeding week, and their estimate of six weeks for the "half-...

Newly identified mechanism for silencing genes points to possible anti-cancer strategies

Genes provide the instructions used by the individual cells to produce the many different proteins that make up the body. Scientists are only beginning to appreciate, however, the extraordinary degree of control exercised over every step of the production process. Only about 10 percent of human genes,...

Study of protein folds offers insight into metabolic evolution

...aic shows that modern metabolic networks ?and even individual enzymes ?are composed of both very ancient and much more recent protein architectures. "This mosaic is telling you that the new enzymes and old enzymes are together performing side by side," Caetano-Anollés said. "In some cases in the same protein...

Executable biology -- Computer science sheds light on animal development

...ays takes place in order to determine the fates of individual cells. The novel in silico model is described in a paper appearing May 18, 2007 in the open-access journal PLoS Computational Biology. During C. elegans development, uncommitted precursor cells differentiate into two distinct cell types in response...

Individuals and populations differ in gene activity levels, not just genes

...n for many years about genetic variation, in which individual letters in the genetic code change between individuals and between different populations. However, this study is one of the first to look at the variation in gene activity between individuals and populations. The researchers found many difference...

Uniform language for describing genes of pathogenic and beneficial microbes

...language of terms that can be used to describe how individual genes function in diverse organisms. The PAMGO project is supported by the National Science Foundation and by the National Research Initiative of the USDA Cooperative State Research, Education and Extension Service. Candace Collmer, Professor of B...

NIDA study identifies genes that might help some people abstain from smoking

...ers choose the most appropriate treatment based on individual differences.? Dr. Uhl and his colleagues performed a genome-wide analysis on the DNA of two types of nicotine-dependent individuals, one that was able to successfully quit the cigarette- smoking behavior and one that was not. “We identified 221 ...

Sandia researchers take new approach to studying how cells respond to pathogens

...ion of cells may mask underlying mechanisms at the individual cell level. "Cells have different life cycles, ... Advanced imaging that allows researchers to image individual cells with much higher information content than possible with current commercial imaging technologie...

Glucose triggers brain cell death in rats after hypoglycemic coma

...hormone that moves glucose from the bloodstream to individual cells, where it is broken down and used for energy. Diabetics do not produce enough of their own insulin and must take it several times a day. A severe insulin overdose can reduce levels of glucose in the blood to extremely low levels –?a conditio...

Despite their heft, many dinosaurs had surprisingly tiny genomes

... cells called osteocytes. These cells reside in individual lacunae, small pockets inside bone tissue. This uniquely durable cellular housing allowed the scientists to look back in time at the size of 31 extinct species' genomes: By measuring lacunae in dinosaur and extinct bird specimens housed at Harvard's ...

Mine runoff continues to provide clues to microbial diversification

...ping study human proteomics because not everyone’s individual genome will be sequenced.? The pink microbial biofilm communities found in the mine runoff provide perfect research subjects because they have fewer organisms than most communities found in nature. The reason, Hettich noted, is that these environme...

Major gene study uncovers secrets of leukemia

...polymorphisms. Single nucleotide polymorphisms are individual variations in the DNA that are spaced across the human chromosomes. Single nucleotide polymorphisms function as flags for researchers, allowing them to detect specific deletions of DNA in a gene or increases in the number of specific genes at a level...

Individual differences in a clock gene predict decline of performance during sleep deprivation

... short versions of the corresponding protein. Each individual will possess two copies of the gene, either of whi...and whether forms of the PERIOD3 gene also predict individual differences in the tolerance to night-shift work remains to be demonstrated. An additional findin...

LIAI completes world's most comprehensive analysis on influenza virus data

...pe had been used one time, for example by a single individual responding to a single virus, or 100 different times. Now, scientists can search the database and find out all existing information on their particular topic. This will enable them to avoid unnecessary repetition and make faster progress toward new...

Tracking sperm whales and jumbo squid

...g six days at sea, the research team identified 74 individual sperm whales in a 27-square-mile area. To locate whales, researchers towed an array of hydrophones from the back of a boat and listened for the animals?distinct clicking vocalizations. When they finally encountered a whale, the scientists carefully a...

Enhancing activity of marijuana-like chemicals in brain helps treat

...tinguishable under the microscope. To uncover the individual contributions of the cell types, Malenka and Kreitzer used genetically modified mice in which the various cell types were labeled with a fluorescent protein that glows vivid green under a microscope. Having an unequivocal way to identify the cells...

Imaging techniques permit scientists to follow a day -- or four -- in the life of a cell

...4657 , details a procedure to inject proteins into individual cells. The injected protein can be fluorescently labeled, so scientists can track the glowing protein with a microscope and observe what it's doing and where it's going inside the cell. This microinjection technique is similar to those that are used ...

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