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Tag: "identity" at biology news

Human genetic 'deserts' are teeming with significant life

...n the sequence can be used to its best effect, the identity and precise location of all the protein-encoding and non protein-encoding genes in the genome will have to be determined. “The notion that mammalian transcriptomes [the set of all messenger RNA molecules produced in a population of cells] are made o...

Study identifies 5 genetic themes key to keeping stem cells in a primitive, flexible state

...d that understanding how stem cells maintain their identity is key to the emerging field of regenerative medicine. “These findings may help us to understand how the key genes which control cell fate are regulated, and how, when dysregulated, they can lead to disease. This may ultimately allow us to develop ta...

Keeping the immune system from starting a 'food fight'

...ut fight against food. Now, researchers report the identity of a nutrient "floodgate" that serves to protect against such an inflammatory immune response. Their findings appear in the May 4, 2007 issue of the journal Cell, a publication of Cell Press. The researchers found that animals lacking a protein enri...

DOE JGI sets 'gold standard' for metagenomic data analysis

...Humpty Dumpty back together again, to recreate the identity of an organism from the scattered puzzle pieces of DNA. "One of the problems in assembling metagenomes," said Mavrommatis, "is that you end up with large fragments of unknown accuracy and a substantial number of sequences that fail to fit onto th...

Loss of a universal tRNA feature reported

...presents a radical departure from previously known identity rules for the histidine-carrying tRNAs." He added: "This result implies that tRNA recognition by the enzyme adding histidine to tRNA differs considerably from similar enzymes in other organisms. We have indeed been able to detect an impact on particu...

Scientists unlock secret of what makes plants flower

...ot apex, where flowering is induced. However, the identity of the long-distance signal remained unclear. This new research, carried out by scientists at Imperial College London and the Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research in Cologne, has led to the proposal that this signal is a protein known a...

Prehistoric mystery organism verified as giant fungus

...ced new evidence to finally resolve the mysterious identity of what they regard as one of the weirdest organisms that ever lived. Their chemical analysis indicates that the organism was a fungus, the scientists report in the May issue of the journal of Geology, published by the Geological Society of America....

Stem cell identity in culture may strongly depend on the cellular microenvironment

...tions and computer simulations, that the stem cell identity in culture may strongly depend on the cellular microenvironment. These observations are in line with the currently emerging view that differentiation is context dependent rather than a pre-programmed attribute of the cells. In practice, this work p...

A sweet step toward new cancer therapies

...ve accurate information about either the protein's identity or the exact type and position of sugars present. To get around that problem, researchers have used a process called electron capture dissociation (ECD) instead of the usual "shake-it-til-it breaks" method to fragment proteins. But that method req...

Study uncovers mutation responsible for Noonan Syndrome

...own as KRAS in a small subset of severe cases] the identity of the gene or genes responsible for fully half the cases had not been elucidated," Neel said. To identify candidate genes, a group led by HMS instructor Amy Roberts, MD, and director of HPCGG Raju Kucherlapati, PhD, conducted genetic analysis of ...

Household transmission of SARS: Lessons learned

...ures neededto be taken, while at the same time the identity of the infectious agent was unknown. ...

New bird discovered on unexplored Columbian mountain

...morphological and vocal studies have confirmed its identity as a new taxon. "Before we began this study, no one knew what species lived in the Yariguíes Mountains and whether they needed protecting," said Thomas Donegan. "Now, we are beginning to describe new taxa and a national park was established in the...

Memories: It's all in the packaging, scientists say

...l as more central aspects of the event such as the identity of the word, can later be recalled. "We know that if the intra-parietal sulcus is damaged, then someone cannot attend to multiple aspects of the same object, such as its size and color," said Melina Uncapher, a graduate student researcher and lead...

Lab-on-a-chip could speed up treatment of drug-resistant pneumonia

...gs on unknown strains. "Even if you don't know the identity of an organism, if you know which drug works, it's still useful," Lochhead says. Accelr8, a former software company that refashioned itself into a biotechnology company, plans to place development instruments in collaborating clinical laboratories...

Spelling out cancer on the nanoscale

...them. No matter how small, every tumor reveals its identity in tiny amounts of abnormally expressed proteins called oncoproteins. Being able to read trace oncoprotein levels from early-stage tumors would speak volumes to physicians and cancer researchers. Enter nano-fluidics and the art of reading a lot from ...

Study provides first look at the 'birth' of a retina cell

...d precursor will change its course and acquire the identity of a cone. "This finding in particular implies the existence of pools of progenitor cells with competence to become either a rod or a cone," explains Swaroop. "We suggest that during early stages of development, these cells are not completely committ...

Birds going extinct faster due to human activities

...mately both nature and nurture influence the final identity of a stem cell, but in early stages it seems nurture is very important." In experiments, scientists confirmed a cell culture surface molecule called laminin activates a common developmental pathway that is crucial for the generation and survival o...

Medium is the message for stem cells in search of identities

...mately both nature and nurture influence the final identity of a stem cell, but in early stages it seems nurture is very important." In experiments, scientists confirmed a cell culture surface molecule called laminin activates a common developmental pathway that is crucial for the generation and survival o...

Gorilla susceptibility to Ebola virus: the cost of sociality

...the outbreak, the researchers used the data on the identity of animals previously observed to estimate Ebola-induced mortality and to test the validity of different possible contamination scenarios. The authors of the study showed that transmission between gorillas was particularly important within groups and...

With few factors, adult cells take on character of embryonic stem cells

...nt roles in the maintenance of embryonic stem cell identity also play pivotal roles in the induction of pluripotency" in other body cells, he explained. The researchers selected 24 genes--all previously found to play a role in early embryos and embryonic stem cell identity--as candidate factors that might ...

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