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Tag: "hypothesis" at biology news

Research reveals inner workings of immune system 'thermostat'

...stem "thermostat" operates is unclear. The leading hypothesis is that these compounds ?which act as furnace and air conditioner ?battle it out over control of the system's inflammatory response. But new research, led by George Yap of Brown University, shows that these cytokines don't operate independently and...

Giant deep-sea tubeworm's meal ticket comes in as a skin infection

... getthe right symbiont, they die." The prevailing hypothesis was that theappropriate bacteria were gathered into thestomach during feeding, somehow escapeddigestion, and by remaining in the stomachcaused it to undergo metamorphosis into thetrophosome. But those conclusions were based on a verysmall set of obs...

How healthy is that marsh? Biologists count parasites

...ites, the healthier the marsh. While the parasite hypothesis may conflict with conventional ideas about infectious disease and human health (malaria, for example, is caused by a parasite), the worms the scientists are investigating are not just any kind of parasite. For one, these worms, known as trematodes, ...

Researchers discover which organs in Antarctic fish produce antifreeze

...GPs are, apparently, absorbed into the blood. This hypothesis is based on the near-identical composition and abundance of AFGPs found in the fish serum. "In this comprehensive study, we confirm that the exocrine pancreas is the major AFGP synthesis site in Antarctic notothenioid fishes from hatching through a...

Even a little cooling helps after cardiac arrest

...ites, the healthier the marsh. While the parasite hypothesis may conflict with conventional ideas about infectious disease and human health (malaria, for example, is caused by a parasite), the worms the scientists are investigating are not just any kind of parasite. For one, these worms, known as trematodes, ...

Light guides flight of migratory birds

...e horizon was the critical factor. "Once the right hypothesis came along, it all fit," said Phillips. The research provides support for an observation Phillips had published 20 years ago. In the mid 1980s, he was doing research to determine how homing pigeons navigated. There was a theory that wind-borne odo...

Wild vs. lab rodent comparison supports hygiene hypothesis

...hieve or considered less critical. The prevailing hypothesis concerning the development of allergy and probably... is the hygiene hypothesis," Parker said. But this hypothesis has not been thoroughly tested in animal studies, he said, and the few studies conducted have focuse...

Failure of 'scout cells' may lead to cancer in transplant patients

...ongly re-stimulate the memory T cells. If our hypothesis proves to be true, VanBuskirk says, it may one day be possible to identify transplant patients who are at greater risk for PTLD and to develop new therapies that prevent or treat the disease. ...

Salk and Stanford teams join forces to reveal two paths of neurodegeneration

...ust like in mice. Hoopfer explains that an early hypothesis was that "the axon degeneration at the heart of neurodegenerative diseases may be a misuse of normal pruning programs, but our studies suggest that two different mechanisms are involved." According to Luo, these findings also suggest strategies to ...

Gorilla susceptibility to Ebola virus: the cost of sociality

... of group-dwelling individuals. In contrast to the hypothesis expressed above, evidence suggested that transmission between social units is also likely to occur, either exclusively or in addition to reservoir-to-gorilla transmission, and the result was a mortality rate of 77% of solitary males. Overall, 95% of ...

New research promising for improving brain cell survival after brain injury

...vironment," Prof Tan said. "We have tested this hypothesis in mice by expressing BP5 in stressedneurons and this proof-of-principle experiment showed that BP5 can prevent neurons from undergoing cell death. "BP5 works by using the cell's waste disposal system to flush away toxic and damaged proteins produ...

Mouse study reveals new clues about virulence of 1918 influenza virus

...to lung tissues. This observation gave rise to the hypothesis that the 1918 flu virus infection provoked an uncontrolled inflammatory response leading to rapid lung failure and death. To test this idea, Dr. Tumpey infected mice intranasally with one of four types of flu virus: human seasonal flu virus from a...

Mobile DNA part of evolution's toolbox

... might play a role in the regulation of genes -- a hypothesis that was more fully developed by Roy Britten and E...re." Bejerano and Haussler's results support the hypothesis that the movement of retroposons can generate evolutionary experiments by adding new regulatory modu...

Epstein-Barr virus might kick-start multiple sclerosis

...to this virus is different in MS patients, and our hypothesis is that the altered immune response contributes to the development and progression of the disease." Lünemann started the research as a postdoctoral fellow at NIH. He is continuing to investigate the role of Epstein-Barr virus in MS in the lab of Ch...

UWM brain research supports drug development from jellyfish protein

...yer, like Underwood, is interested in the "calcium hypothesis of aging and dementia," which is just one of many theories that attempts to explain what is going on in neuron degeneration. He became interested in aequorin as an undergraduate at UW-Milwaukee, after reading an article that linked the stings of j...

Jefferson scientists identify gene mutation potentially involved in breast cancer initiation

... that he and his colleagues had wanted to test the hypothesis that the loss of a functioning Caveolin-1 gene could increase the activity, or "upregulate" the expression of estrogen receptors. Only 5 to 10 percent of the cells in the normal human breast express estrogen receptors, yet the receptor activity for s...

Melatonin improves mood in winter depression

...U Sleep and Mood Disorders Lab set out to test the hypothesis that circadian physiological rhythms become misaligned with the sleep/wake cycle during the short days of winter, causing some people to become depressed. Usually these rhythms track to the later dawn in winter, resulting in a circadian phase delay w...

Tarantulas produce silk from their feet

...could represent a major change in our evolutionary hypothesis regarding spider silk," Summers said. "It could mean that silk production actually originated in the feet to increase traction, with the diversity of spinneret silk evolving later." The researchers placed tarantulas on a vertical glass surface. Tho...

A new jump start for aging blood vessels

...gues treated aged rats with etanercept to test the hypothesis that anti-TNFa treatment exerts vasculoprotective effects in aging. Etanercept (Enbrel) is an FDA-approved drug that binds and inactivates circulating TNFa. Recent studies have demonstrated that anti-TNFa therapies, including etanercept, may improv...

Steep oxygen decline halted first land colonization by Earth's sea creatures

...," Ward said. He and his colleagues tested that hypothesis by examining the breathing system used by birds. They found that at sea level birds breathe 30 percent more efficiently than mammals and at 5,000 feet in elevation birds are 200 percent more efficient. Ward pictures a world in which dinosaurs were...

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