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Tag: "hypothesis" at biology news

Manipulating single cell receptor alters animal behavior

...increasing their water intake. "This supports our hypothesis that intracellular signaling pathways stimulated by the activation of angiotensin receptors can be separated based on behavioral relevance," he says, "something that had not been shown before." "Understanding how signaling pathways work to regulate ...

Attention shoppers: Researchers find neurons that encode the value of different goods

...unctional activity of this population, though this hypothesis remains to be tested." In his experiment, Padoa-Schioppa had macaque monkeys choose between two types of juice offered in different amounts. In some trials, the monkey chose between one drop of grape juice (which monkeys prefer) and one drop of app...

UCSD biologists find new evidence for one-way evolution

...ionary biologist Stephen Jay Gould popularized the hypothesis of irreversibility, known as Dollo's Law, studies that use current methods to reconstruct the evolution of complex traits often fail to support it. This is because it is often difficult to reconstruct characteristics of extinct ancestors with any cer...

How 'hot' emotional brain interferes with 'cool' processing

...tions for understanding of anxiety disorders. "Our hypothesis has been that people suffering from such anxiety disorders such as depression and PTSD, may see the world differently than other people, and that a distracter associated with trauma may grab control of brain processing and essentially take off-line t...

Less is more, gene study shows

...o become unimportant in humans, and we put forth a hypothesis to explain why: The ability to taste bitterness is important for detecting toxins in food, and most of those toxins are in plants. About 1 to 2 million years ago, we started eating more meat rather than plants, and also there was use of fire, which c...

Scientists discover basic defect in cystic fibrosis airway glands

...t Stanford University attempted to determine which hypothesis was correct by measuring the secretion from glands from patients with cystic fibrosis and from normal pigs. They added ENaC inhibitors to the glands to determine if the channel plays a role in mucus clearance. The researchers found no evidence that...

Forsyth scientists gain greater understanding of how embryos differentiate left from right

...ir findings further challenged the previously held hypothesis that cilia (short hair-like structures on a cell) were the primary agents allowing an embryo to correctly position its internal organs along the left-right axis. Instead, their research showed a single asymmetry mechanism linking ciliary, serotonergi...

New analysis shows three human migrations out of Africa

... controversy,," Templeton said. "I set up a null hypothesis and the program rejected that hypothesis using the new data with a probability level of 10 to the minus 17th. In science, you don't get any...

Computer simulation hints at new HIV drug target

...ind at such alternate sites." Once Perryman had a hypothesis to test in a second round of simulations -- the proposed mechanics of the protease enzyme's nanomachinery--he used artificial restraints in the computer program to block the flaps from opening by expanding the gap between "ear" and "cheek." A new typ...

Major WHO study concludes calcium supplements can reduce complications during pregnancy

...ind at such alternate sites." Once Perryman had a hypothesis to test in a second round of simulations -- the proposed mechanics of the protease enzyme's nanomachinery--he used artificial restraints in the computer program to block the flaps from opening by expanding the gap between "ear" and "cheek." A new typ...

ASU researchers find link between social behavior, maternal traits in bees

...in representing the non-reproductive state. If her hypothesis were correct, the high pollen-hoarders would win the race and develop ovaries sooner than the low pollen-hoarders. Amdam's prediction proved to be correct when after 10 to 21 days, 76 percent of the high pollen-hoarding strain had developed active o...

Biodiversity key to sustainable biofuel according to University of Minn. researcher's findings

...or more than 50 years, scientists have debated the hypothesis that biodiversity stabilizes ecosystems. The University of Minnesota study is the first to provide enough data -- gathered over a sufficient time period in an experiment that controlled biodiversity ?to confirm the theory. The time period of the stud...

First direct mechanical communication of mitochondria, cardiomyocyte nucleus shown

...ochondrial energy production, they noted, and so a hypothesis was developed that "there might be in cardiac cells some form of mechanical signaling between organelles." Vladimir Veksler, a former Soviet scientist who maintained his contacts with Estonian researchers after moving to Paris, said their latest res...

Tramiprosate (Alzhemed? preclinical results published in Neurobiology of Aging

...ogical characteristics of AD. The amyloid cascade hypothesis proposes that certain forms of Aβ peptide are toxic and causally related to the severity of AD. The Aβ-peptide is one of the most promising targets for the development of AD therapies. "This scientific paper highlights the potential benefits of Alz...

Parasitic worms used to fight bowel disease

...ns can be explained as combinations of the hygiene hypothesis and genetics. ...

First human study confirms that immune cells can be a primary cause of bone loss in gum disease

...els, by his group. "This research validates our hypothesis that immune cells are harmful in gum disease," said Dr. Kawai. "It's a groundbreaking discovery because it truly gives a new understanding of periodontal disease, while also raising interesting questions about immune cells. We hope this work will hel...

Ancient global warming drove early primates' dispersal

...land bridge connecting Siberia and Alaska. A third hypothesis is that primates had their origins in Africa or Asia and traveled through North America to reach western Europe. Finally, it has been suggested that the group originated in Asia and fanned out eastward to North America and westward to Europe. In th...

Seeing the serpent

...on of monkeys, apes and humans, according to a new hypothesis by Lynne Isbell, professor of anthropology at UC Davis. The work is published in the July issue of the Journal of Human Evolution. Primates have good vision, enlarged brains, and grasping hands and feet, and use their vision to guide reaching and g...

Septum keeps neurons in synch, can reduce epileptic seizures by 90 percent

...ppears important to certain memory processes. "My hypothesis is that the septum keeps the electrical activity of neurons within certain areas of the brain working within normal ranges," Colom said. "By keeping the neurons firing normally, the septum inhibits neuronal hyperexcitability, such as epilepsy, and hy...

Gene expression becomes heterogeneous with age in humans and rats

...ce, in turn, gives support to a "programmed aging" hypothesis and argues against the more commonly accepted "stochastic aging" model, in which random biological events play an important role. In the new work, researchers put to the test the question of whether gene-expression heterogeneity increases with age. ...

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