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Tag: "hydrogen" at biology news

DOE JGI finishes 100th microbial genome

...tals; corrodes iron piping; "sours" petroleum with hydrogen sulfide. Geobacter metallireducens. Derek Lovley, University of Massachusetts. Important player in the carbon and nutrient cycles of aquatic sediments and in the bioremediation of organic and metal contaminants in groundwater. Rhodobacter sphaero...

Rehydrate -- your RNA needs it

...s like a jostling crowd at a cocktail party, where hydrogen bonds---weak, electrostatic attractions between mo...kes. Water molecules trapped in ribozymes can form hydrogen bonds with other water molecules or with parts of the ribozyme molecule. "The way we interpret th...

Corn waste potentially more than ethanol

...er and that these cells can also directly generate hydrogen gas. Corn stalks and leaves, amassing 250 milli...rent. The water in the fuel cell donates positive hydrogen atoms that combine with the electrons and oxygen to form water. The microbial fuel cells were ino...

Study reveals details of mussels' tenacious bonds

... which is over an order of magnitude stronger than hydrogen bonding but still completely reversible. On an organic substrate, DOPA can form even stronger, and irreversible, covalent bonds when it is oxidized by seawater. This helps to explain the remarkable versatility of mussels to adhere strongly to many ...

When it comes to gene transcription, random pauses aren’t quite so random, study finds

...to one-tenth of a nanometer--the width of a single hydrogen atom," Block explained. "When you study an RNAP enzyme at that scale, you discover that it moves along the DNA for a while, and then for no apparent reason it appears to stop. Some pauses we've already figured out. The really long ones, which happen ...

'Pinball protons' created by ultraviolet rays and other causes can lead to DNA damage

...ck the protons off. The lesions are breaks in the hydrogen bonds, of which there are two in the G-C base pair. (The Adenine-Thymine pair has three hydrogen bonds.) "Our real goal is to examine all possible lesions in DNA subunits," said Lind. The team d...

Acidity in the brain could hold the key to stroke treatment

...e." NMR will be used to measure the rate at which hydrogen ions are exchanged between water and proteins in the brain. Acidity causes this rate to increase, changing the NMR signal of water. ...

UCI scientists find chlorine may contribute to ozone formation

...H is a highly reactive molecule made of oxygen and hydrogen that forms photochemically in air. "For the last 30 years, we've known that the hydroxyl radical is the primary cause of ozone," Saltzman said. "Chlorine plays a similar role. It doesn't take much chlorine to affect ozone chemistry." This study i...

Gut microbes' partnership helps body extract energy from food, store it as fat

...target for study because of its ability to consume hydrogen and other byproducts of bacterial digestion of polysaccharides. Accumulation of such byproducts slows polysaccharide digestion. Samuel and Gordon speculated that M. smithii could improve the overall efficiency of digestion of dietary polysaccharides,...

Bacteria that use radiated water as food

.... This fracture water contained hydrocarbons and hydrogen not likely to have been created through biological...irmicutes species are known to consume sulfate and hydrogen as a way to get energy for growth. Other bacteria can then use the by-products of the Firmicutes as ...

Otherworldly bacteria discovered two miles down

...vely dependent on geologically produced sulfur and hydrogen and one of the few ecosystems found on Earth that ...organisms, as is usual, and that the source of the hydrogen (H2) needed for their respiration comes from the decomposition of water (H2O) by radioactive decay o...

Extraordinary life found around deep-sea gas seeps

...eps are areas of the seafloor where methane gas or hydrogen sulphide escapes from large stores deep below. Like hydrothermal vents, cold seeps support unique communities of animals living in symbiosis with microbes that can convert these energy-rich chemicals to living matter (a form of 'chemosynthesis') in t...

Developing uses for sugar-cane bagasse: Biotechnology applied to the paper industry

...rd, but it must undergo additional treatment using hydrogen peroxide in order to yield paper for printed and writing. P. cinnabarinus naturally sythesizes only small amounts of laccase when it grows on bagasse. It is necessary to add volatile agents such as ethanol, in order to increase production of the e...

Ocean seep mollusks may share evolutionary history with other deep-sea creatures

...noted. Cold seeps are places where fluids rich in hydrogen sulfide and methane leak up through the ocean floor, creating a unique chemical environment where hardy bacteria process the sulfide and methane. Seep fluids are about the same temperature as surrounding waters, but similar chemically challenging env...

Scientists discover way to block growth of prostate cancer cells

...of polyamines generates a large amount of the ROS, hydrogen peroxide. Peroxide causes oxidative stress, a condition in which cells produce an excess of oxygen-free radicals, which are known to play a key role in cell signalling and prostate cancer development. "These results demonstrate that polyamine oxi...

Tiny Tampa Bay fish key to evolution of immune system

...means scientists can actually see where individual hydrogen atoms are positioned in the protein's core, providing clues as to which atoms are participating in key stabilizing interactions. Doctors often use infusions of antibodies to bolster immune systems weakened by cancer or other conditions, but ironica...

Genetically engineered blood protein can be used to split water into oxygen and hydrogen

...complex that uses solar energy to split water into hydrogen and oxygen, says research published today in the J...ular complex can use energy from the sun to create hydrogen gas, providing an alternative to electrolysis, the method typically used to split water into its con...

U of M researchers invent 'flashy' new process to turn soy oil, glucose into hydrogen

...s faster than you can in your kitchen and produces hydrogen and carbon monoxide, a mixture called synthesis ga...ips the biodiesel step and turns oil straight into hydrogen and carbon monoxide gases by heating it to about 1,000 degrees C. About 70 percent of the hydrogen i...

Dig deeper to find Martian life

...rt amount of time. H2O provides an ideal shield of hydrogen to protect life on Mars from destructive cosmic radiation particles. Ice also holds an advantage because it is far easier to drill through than rock. Even here, surviving cells would be out of the reach of current drills. Other ideal sites include re...

Meat and two neutrons -- the key to a longer life

...rs from radiation. Deuterium, a natural isotope of hydrogen (with 2 protons rather than one) could be used routinely. Previous successes in extending lifespan have involved withdrawing food to the point of near starvation, a process called caloric restriction. ...

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