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Tag: "host" at biology news

Sunflower speciation highlights roles for transposable elements in evolution

...erting themselves at different points throughout a host genome. They are found in virtually all eukaryotic genomes. The new findings not only add an interesting twist to the origin of new sunflower species through hybridization, but also suggest that the sunflower system may emerge as an excellent mod...

Mayo Clinic study suggests that a central nervous system viral infection can lead to memory deficits

... children are infected. Once the virus infects the host due to unsanitary conditions, it can cross over into the brain and cause encephalitis, which can lead to conditions ranging from lethargy to a coma. In recent years, scores of children have died from infection. The degree of brain damage in humans ...

Cloning techniques produce FDA-approved antibiotic

...cessful synthesis of an antibiotic in a non-native host has provided a team of researchers at the Universi... were inactivated, and the ability of a non-native host Streptomyces lividians to produce fosfomycin was assessed. With the help of graduate students Ryan...

A transplant in time

...too late can be identified as foreign, causing the host to reject them. By taking spleen tissue from embryonic pigs over the course of gestation, they found that the harmful T cells are not present in the tissue prior to day 42 of gestation. The scientists also found that tissue of this age exhibits ...

What animals can tell us about hemorrhage, organ transplants and aging

...rs, frogs, snakes, squirrels, seals, oysters and a host of other animals to answer the question "How do they do that?" They uncover general physiological principles that may apply to humans, and may spur future medical advances to benefit people. These scientists exude an enthusiasm for their work and mai...

New finding points way to foiling anthrax's tricks

...ophores that snatch iron from the tissues of their host so that the bacteria can reproduce. Some strains of E. coli produce more than one kind of siderophore, apparently attacking on several fronts to get the iron they need. The discovery of a similar strategy in anthrax, Bacillus anthracis, suggests t...

Vaccine combined with short-term postexposure antibiotics protects monkeys from inhalational anthrax

...tative cell and prevents it from being ingested by host white blood cells that would otherwise destroy it, thus allowing anthrax infection to progress. The toxins are thought to act mainly by damaging defensive cells called phagocytes, causing the immune system to malfunction. The organism then spreads un...

Parasitic plants sniff out hosts

...lants do not haphazardly flail about looking for a host but sense volatile chemicals produced by other pla...emicals that kill the parasite also often kill the host plant. "There is currently no reliable way to get rid of these pests," says Justin B. Runyon, gradu...

Scientists resuscitate a 5 million-year-old retrovirus

...ure. Infectivity was very low, presumably because host cells have evolved mechanisms to resist uncontrolled virus propagation, as has been repeatedly observed for retroviruses from experimental animals. "Phoenix has produced some 'genomic offspring' that may be responsible for the synthesis of the ret...

MRSA vaccine shows promise in mouse study

...re thought to be involved in bacterial adhesion to host tissues. When tested alone as a vaccine, each of the four proteins provided only partial or no protection. Fifty to 70 percent of mice vaccinated with one of these proteins and injected with a dose of a laboratory strain of the bacteria calculated...

Mouse study reveals new clues about virulence of 1918 influenza virus

...search gives a detailed picture of the overzealous host reaction to infection by a fully reconstructed 191...lly reconstructed virus. A fuller picture of the host immune response to the 1918 flu virus could also be valuable to scientists working to develop therap...

Eminent inventor of DNA fingerprinting gains new recognition

...ouis-Jeantet Prize for Medicine in 2004. Amongst a host of other awards are a number of honorary degrees and the Freedom of the City of Leicester. Sir Alec studied biochemistry and received his PhD in 1975 at Oxford University. He then joined the laboratory of Piet Borst for a post-doctoral research at t...

Stomach receptor for H. pylori discovered

... "Our results indicate that H. pylori can co-opt a host protein as a receptor and that it can increase expression of this receptor in gastric epithelial cells," says Peek. "Further, absence of this receptor abolishes the inflammatory response that H. pylori induces in infected mice, suggesting that this r...

Vaccine shown effective against chancroid

...ining, component of hemoglobin, and obtain it from host hemoglobin. The researchers found that immunizing swine with a purified hemoglobin receptor protected the animals from a challenge infection, even after multiple attempts at infection. Blood tests showed that the immunized pigs formed antibodies th...

Surprising symbiosis: Glassy-winged sharpshooter eats with friends

...ria are close neighbors, residing next door within host tissues and feeding each other chemical precursors needed to make nutrients. In the future, Eisen says, the bacteria will likely evolve into organelles of the insect, losing their distinction as bacteria altogether. Looking ahead, Eisen is continui...

'Molecular assassin' targets disease gene

...nti-inflammatory drugs are associated with a whole host of side-effects. Our therapeutic may potentially avert some of these." A third paper using the same technology, but focusing on a different master regulator, Egr-1, has also been published this month by Professor Khachigian's group in the Journal o...

New method confirms importance of fungi in Arctic nitrogen cycle

...n the roots of plants) transfer nutrients to their host plants in exchange for plant sugars derived from photosynthesis, but the rates of transfer have never been quantified in the field. John and Erik Hobbie's study, published in the April 2006 issue of the journal Ecology, quantifies the role of mycorrh...

Mice learn tasks that may help treat human psychiatric disorders

...yndrome, traumatic frontal brain lobe injury and a host of other human mental disorders for which set shifting is an important monitoring tool." According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), 3.4 per 1,000 children have autism or another autism spectrum disorder, making these disorde...

Discovery could aid fight against cystic fibrosis infection

...ience. "In the case of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, the host may be a cancer patient with a weakened immune system, a burn patient, or a person with cystic fibrosis (CF)." Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA), a pathogen that infects more than 80 percent of cystic fibrosis patients, is a leading cause of these patie...

Triple threat polymer captures and releases

...e. They found that their materials made a perfect host to serve guest molecules. "We looked at the roug...s," Wooley explained."So , our material would be a host that would act like a sponge, because we have this complex subsurface morphology, and we thought of ...

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