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Tag: "host" at biology news

From a lowly yeast, researchers divine a clue to human disease

...in the UW School of Medicine and Public Health. A host of proteins are responsible for controlling which genetic messages are read and how much of the information is used. Working with yeast, Brow and his colleagues show that a protein called Sen1 plays an important early role in this process. Mutatio...

Why do insects like to eat some plants more than others?

...esearchers found that cactus-feeding insects chose host plants based on how the plants allocated resources between growth and reproduction. "The crux of our findings is actually quite intuitive", says Miller. "These insects prefer to feed on flowers, so it's not terribly surprising that they are abunda...

HIV gets a makeover

...the second obstacle: APOBEC proteins produced by a host normally cause invading viruses to mutate so much that they can't survive, but HIV-1 uses a protein called Vif to destroy APOBEC and prevent the attack. Monkey APOBEC proteins, however, aren't susceptible to the human virus's Vif. So Hatziioannou did...

Some butterflies travel farther, reproduce faster

...rvae from the seven new patches and reared them on host plants in the laboratory, where they moved to the ...r said. The researchers also hope to see what part host plant nutrition plays in these differences. ...

Funding to tackle hospital superbugs

...lead to the development of other drugs that modify host responses with the view to resolving infection and reducing inflammation in diseases such as arthritis. ...

Researchers discover that sheep need retroviruses for reproduction

...ntly insert their genetic material into the DNA of host cells, he said. During evolution of mammals, some...nary School. "This infection was beneficial to the host and was then positively selected for during evolution. In other words, animals with enJSRVs were bet...

Tulane researcher reports on origin of deadly fever outbreak

...ver may have been spread directly to humans by the host animals. Marburg hemorrhagic fever, a severe filovirus-caused disease related to Ebola, was first identified in European research facilities in 1967 after outbreaks traced to infected monkeys imported from Uganda. Only a few sporadic cases were repor...

Scientists find mutations that let bird flu adapt to humans

... a virus must be able to recognize and attach to a host cell. But human and avian influenza viruses recognize different cell receptors. Avian flu viruses have demonstrated an ability to evolve to easily infect humans by exchanging genes with human viruses that subsequently permit them to recognize human r...

The biggest bug in gut discomfort

...son and Galan set out to follow C. jejuni down the host cell’s endocytic pathway. Much of the cell’s incom...he researchers could watch as C. jejuni infected a host cell, and was briefly cloaked in the early endosomal marker EEA-1, and then the late endosomal marke...

U of S Vaccine and Infectious Disease Organization team discovers key step in flu virus replication

...h." To survive, the influenza virus hijacks the host animal or human's cellular machinery and forces it to make more copies of the virus. The researchers believe that the cellular events involved in this process are an excellent target for interventions against influenza. The study revealed novel c...

Resistance and genetic sensitivity to sleeping sickness

...nse (T.b. gambiense). Its development cycle in the host vaires greatly, from a few months to several years...e of a long period of infection. This diversity in host clinical presentation in reaction to infection can have several sources: the host's ability to respo...

Does natural selection drive the evolution of cancer?

...tumor cells send chemical signals to stimulate the host to generate new blood vessels to supply the tumor with nutrients. The neighboring cells that aren't investing resources in producing the signals take advantage of the nutrients nonetheless. Mutualism describes a situation in which two organisms in...

Stanford discovery may help predict when toxoplasma can be deadly

... that Toxoplasma introduces into the cells of the host it infects. What's more, the researchers showed fo...yd, noting that the wrong pairing of parasite and host can have dire consequences. "If a given strain gets into the 'wrong' host, the result is a system ...

Cardiologist's 'living chip' changes science of disease monitoring

...s together scientists, engineers, physicians and a host of local business leaders from academia and upstate New York industry. The concept has seen strong support from individuals such as Terry Gronwall, an entrepreneur-in-residence at the High Tech Rochester Incubator, who took the lead in assessing Phys...

Cigarette smoking impedes tendon-to-bone healing

...ery in human patients. Smoking is implicated in a host of physical problems, from cardiovascular disease to lung disorders. Many of us probably don't think about smoking's effects on orthopaedic conditions, but several studies have shown that nicotine interferes with healing of bone fractures and also in...

China's environmental challenges

...Meanwhile, the country's mountainous regions still host a surprising number of plant and animals species. Zhiyao Tang (Peking University) and fellow researchers identified ten hotspot regions in China's major mountain ranges they say should be priorities for the country's conservation plans. One of t...

A wolf in sheep's clothing: Plague bacteria reveal one of their virulence tricks

...r food poisoning. These bacteria insert into their host cells proteins and other virulence factors, which ...n" where it interlocks with another protein on the host cell's membrane. By looking at the crystal structure of this protein-protein complex, Prehna discove...

Malaria vaccine prompts victims' immune system to eliminate parasite from mosquitoes

...salivary glands, where it is passed on to the next host through a mosquito bite. The protein Pfs25 (Plasmodium falciparum surface protein 25) is found only on the surface of the ookinette, a stage of the parasite living in the mosquito gut, and does not appear on any other stage of the parasite. When...

Researchers map spread of pathogens in the human body

... bacteria and their progenies cleverly escape from host cells and distribute to new sites of the body, continuously staying one step ahead of the immune response. The type of spread varies between different bacteria, thus posing challenges for the rational treatment or prevention of these infections. S...

A new understanding of how cells defend themselves against bacterial pore-forming toxins

...cterial diseases. Once the toxin perforates the host membrane, ions begin to leak out of the cell. Sensing a drop in its potassium concentration, the cell reacts by forming a multi-protein complex known as an inflammasome. Scientists know that inflammasomes act like a sort of roving security force insi...

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