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Tag: "host" at biology news

Prenatal Stress Keeps Infants, Toddlers up at Night, Study Says

... psychological interventions could instill a whole host of benefits that may carry-over to the child, OConnor said. Still, more clinical research is needed to see how we can best promote healthy pregnancies and healthy babies. The ALSPAC study, part of the WHO-initiated European Longitudinal Study of...

Carnegie Mellon scientists find key HIV protein makes cell membranes bend more easily

... The researchers found that after HIV docks onto a host cell, it dramatically lowers the energy required f...cells to unload their genetic contents, which turn host cells into virus-producing factories. In the case of HIV, a molecule called gp120 initially helps th...

The insect vector always bites twice

...ary glands in order to be transmitted to the human host when the insect bites again to take another blood meal. Morbidity among infected people is therefore associated with the degree of exposure of the subject to insect vector bites. The vector saliva, which is adapted for blood feeds, plays a prime ...

A new plant-bacterial symbiotic mechanism promising for crop applications

.... When these bacteria come into contact with their host plant, they trigger in the roots the formation and development of organs, termed nodules, where they continue to live. This close relationship is symbiosis, which benefits both organisms involved: the plant supplies nutritive elements to the bacteria...

Pesticides choke pathway for nature to produce nitrogen for crops

... by the plants. "Agrichemicals are blocking the host plant's phytochemical recruitment signal," said th...are cutting the lines of communication between the host plant and symbiotic bacteria. This is the mechanism by which these chemicals reduce symbiosis and ni...

Research shows cord blood comparable to matched bone marrow

...t was associated with a lower risk of graft versus host disease, a potentially lethal complication, especially when HLA types are mismatched. Rates of leukemia relapse also are lower with mismatched umbilical cord blood transplants. This study also showed that in addition to having a good match, higher ce...

Physicist cracks women's random but always lucky choice of X chromosome

...ses off one of the XIST suicide genes allowing its host X chromosome to continue to operate. However the other XIST suicide gene is now freed to activate and shuts down its X chromosome. Since putting forward this explanation researchers in Harvard have observed actual plugs of protein shutting down X ...

Genetic factors are linked to fever following smallpox vaccination

...reliminary step in understanding the variations in host responses to vaccines, and notes that further studies will need to replicate these findings, and to test other vaccines. Both Drs. Stanley and Crowe mention that the results may have important implications when it comes to the future goal of identif...

Herpes virus hijacks DNA repair process

...ing surprise: in mice, herpes viruses hijack their host cells' tools for fixing DNA damage and use those t...va found that murine herpes virus, rather than the host cell, was triggering the DNA damage response. She showed that introducing just one viral protein int...

Potent possibilities for parasite attack

...h type of disease develops after infection and the host genome plays a major role in clinical outcome." ...e key genes involved in interacting with the human host - where the battle between parasite and patient is fought and where rapid response is important to b...

Researchers discover 'acquired' DNA key to certain bacterial infection

...es coding for a protein that targets action in the host cell, which may help the bacterium survive in the macrophage. Bermudez said the researchers learned the genetic “island” was acquired from another bacterium because of its unique nucleotide structure, which differs from its Mycobacterium cousins. ...

New vaccine prevents CMV infection and disease in mice

...Spector. “The virus has evolved to persist in the host by evading the immune responses either by hiding o...t’s immune responses. We found a way to teach the host immune system to not be tricked by the virus.” She added that the next step is to apply this strate...

How plague-causing bacteria disarm host defense

... bacterial pathogens do their job of infecting the host by crippling the body's immune system. In essence... May 25 issue of Molecular Cell. YpkA targets a host protein called Gaq, the messenger that transmits extracellular signals ("we are under attack!") into...

Genome of Clostridium botulinum reveals the background to world's deadliest toxin

...m, both of which are serious human infections. The host can be quickly overpowered and, in some cases, kil... wait and, if it gets the opportunity, it hits its host with a microbial sledgehammer. It then eats the remains and lays low until the next host comes along...

'Insulator' helps silence genes in dormant herpes virus

... that during a latent period, the virus binds to a host protein called CTCF, a protein known to act as an ... viral DNA binds to CTCF in the same manner as the host DNA binds to the protein. "By binding in this manner, we believed the CTCF protein was interacti...

Scientists discover rare 'gene-for-gene' interaction that helps bacteria kill their host

...ogen targeting a single gene in an animal or human host have been identified so far. Photorhabdus is a ... of gene-for-gene interaction between pathogen and host that we have found is quite common, but actually rather few are known, which is why this research is...

Molecule that destroys bone also protects it, new research shows

...g knowledge about the molecules that contribute to host defense versus pathology is very important for gaining a fundamental understanding of the immune system," Gaffen said, "but also because the consequences of therapies that target these cytokines need to be understood." ...

Toxoplasmosis infection trick revealed by scientists

...the surface of the parasite just before it invades host cells in the human body. They found that the prote...MIC1 binds to certain sugars on the surface of the host cell, assisting the parasite to stick to, and then enter the human cell. Using a novel carbohydr...

The longest carbon nanotubes you've ever seen

...ltimately find use in smart fabrics, sensors and a host of other applications. To grow the aligned bundles of tiny tubes, the researchers combined advantages of chemical vapor deposition (CVD), a technique for creating thin coatings that is especially common in the semiconductor industry, with a novel ...

New host species for avian influenza identified

...cal Center, Rotterdam, and colleagues identify new host species for avian influenza A virus (H5N1) and pro...ow pathogenic avian influenza, details new data on host species, prevalence, and temporal and geographical variation of avian influenza in wild migratory bi...

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