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Tag: "hormone" at biology news

Glucose triggers brain cell death in rats after hypoglycemic coma

...extrapolated to humans. Insulin is an essential hormone that moves glucose from the bloodstream to individual cells, where it is broken down and used for energy. Diabetics do not produce enough of their own insulin and must take it several times a day. A severe insulin overdose can reduce levels of glu...

Brain's reward circuit activity ebbs and flows with a woman's hormonal cycle

Fluctuations in sex hormone levels during women's menstrual cycles affect the ...y in humans has remained unclear. To pinpoint hormone effects on the reward circuit, Berman and colleagues scanned the brain activity of 13 women and 13 m...

UCLA study uncovers clues for why Graves' disease attacks the eyes

...ceptors on the T-cells, mimicking the actions of a hormone called IGF-1, or insulin-like growth factor 1. Si...nd goes into overdrive, producing excess levels of hormone that attack the tissue behind the eye, causing them to protrude. In extreme cases, patients experie...

To sleep, perchance to dream: New insight into melatonin production

... body's natural sleep/wake cycles. Melatonin is a hormone produced by the pineal gland in the brain, which helps to regulate our bodies' circadian rhythm (the roughly-24-hour cycle around which basic physiological processes proceed). Normally, melatonin production is inhibited by light and enhanced by darkn...

Sleep quantity affects morning testosterone levels in older men

...e an indicator of age-related changes in important hormone signals in the body, future studies are needed to determine the importance of these relationships for the health of older adults." Recent studies associate lack of sleep with serious health problems such as an increased risk of depression, obesity...

Effect on breast tumors of DNA alternations in 3 genes described

...ve tumors are those that express receptors for the hormone estrogen. Such tumors respond to treatments that block these receptors. "Similarly, hypermethylation of E-cadherin was more frequent among progestin receptor (PR)-negative cases," said Tao. "Compared to tumors that were both ER- and PR-positive...

Herpes infection may be symbiotic, help beat back some bacteria

...ions in part by increasing production of a protein hormone called interferon gamma," Virgin says. "This is a signaling hormone that in effect puts some immune system soldiers on yellow alert, causing them to patrol for invaders...

Molecule that destroys bone also protects it, new research shows

...e," Gaffen said. IL-17 is a cytokine, a protein hormone made by "T helper" cells of the immune system that stimulate immunity. Gaffen noted that until recently, immunologists believed there were only two major types of "T helper" cells -- TH1 and TH2 -- which were believed to be responsible for nearly all...

Nitric oxide: Key to cardiovascular and pulmonary function and drug effectiveness

... of all drugs on the market today, as well as many hormone and neurotransmitters, target a specific family of cell surface receptors known as G-protein coupled receptors. The researchers believe that the presence or absence of nitric oxide or SNOs determines whether these receptors continue to function prope...

Adult stem cells from human cord umbilical cord blood successfully engineered to make insulin

...f Langerhans, the cellular masses that produce the hormone insulin, which allows the body to utilize sugar, synthesize proteins and store neutral fats, or lipids. "But we’re a long way from that," Denner warned. Denner said this research, which reflects a fruitful collaboration with co-authors Drs. Colin...

Runners -- Let thirst be your guide

...ink more fluid than their kidneys can excrete. The hormone that determines how much fluid a kidney can excrete is arginine vasopressin (AVP), which is released from the pituitary gland when a person is becoming dehydrated in order to force the kidneys to conserve water. At rest, a person’s AVP level is low a...

Study shows lizard moms dress their children for success

...le side-blotched lizards give an extra dose of the hormone estradiol to their eggs in certain social circumstances. The extra hormone affects the back patterns of lizards that hatch from those eggs, creating either lengthwise stripes ...

Studies to find better ways to preserve human eggs, ovarian tissue under way

...,” he says. “When you trigger ovulation with a hormone or naturally, you get the last separation of the chromosomes, from 46 to 23,” says Dr. Emmi. That separation enables a future baby to get half his chromosomes from mom and half from dad. Fragile spindles, which line up chromosomes for division, are e...

How to lose weight and not go hungry: HU researcher develops drug that mimics feeling of 'fullness'

...hat mimics the activity of the naturally occurring hormone called aMSH. This hormone is naturally excreted during eating and binds to a receptor in the brain called MC4R. When this “com...

Hormone helps mice 'hibernate,' survive starvation

A key hormone enables starving mice to alter their metabolism an...activity, all geared to promote survival. “This hormone changes the metabolism and behavior of mice in the face of inadequate nutrition,” said Dr. Steven Kl...

A new plant-bacterial symbiotic mechanism promising for crop applications

...am’s hypothesis that a molecule similar to a plant hormone (4), cytokinin, could act in the mechanisms by triggering nodulation. The discovery of the nature of the signal molecule itself, which remains to be fully determined, brings a glimpse of future agricultural applications. Many plants live in symbi...

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