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Tag: "history" at biology news

Genomic Analysis Uncovers New Targets for HIV Vaccine

..., and this is the point in the infection's natural history that the researchers studied. The CHAVI investigators wanted to study those patients who had many sequential blood samples taken during this plateau in viral load. Before their analyses began collaborators in the EuroChavi consortium, coordinated by...

Blood test may help signal tumor's remission, return in throat cancer patients

...ower chances for survival, with patients who had a history of smoking experiencing the largest spikes. (For this reason, estimates of relative risk of death were adjusted to exclude the compounding effects of smoking.) Because the production of these growth factors and cytokines is controlled by the same ...

Sun exposure early in life linked to specific skin cancer gene mutation

... sun exposure was estimated from their residential history and satellite-base measurements. DNA from the patients' melanomas was then analyzed for mutations. Patients with melanomas that contained the BRAF mutation, found in about half of all melanomas, were more likely to report high levels of sun exposu...

Australian wins prestigious prize in biodiversity informatics

...ds the importance of the interplay between natural history collections data, visualization and analysis tools, and conservation decision-making. He has published in top-tier scientific journals, but at the same time he builds software applications that are intuitive and maximize the user experience for both ...

Nurtured chimps rake it in

...s compared three groups of chimpanzees: one with a history of long-term stable, social interaction with humans (‘enculturated’); a group raised in a sanctuary setting, with only caretaker contact with humans (‘semi-enculturated’); and another group raised under more austere captive conditions (laboratory chi...

The kapok connection -- Study explains rainforest similarities

...e global climate change, we need to understand the history of life on Earth through studies like this one." Oceanic dispersal links the world's rainforests, said Dick, "and this study is one of the first to catch that process in action at the species level. Although single seeds are very unlikely to survi...

The mouflons of the Kerguelen archipelago

...able research findings. Reconstructing the genetic history of a population of mouflons descended from a singl...uctuated between 300 and 700 individuals. The history of a fascinating research project Denis Réale discovered this mouflon population while doing his ...

Male circumcision overstated as prevention tool against AIDS

...from predatory males than do those in the south. A history of polygamy in these Muslim communities does not appear to contribute to hi gher AIDS prevalence as previously speculated. In a frequently cited academic paper, Daniel Halperin, an H.I.V. specialist at the Harvard Center for Population and Developmen...

Ants show us how to make super-highways

...importance of considering ecology and evolutionary history in the study of social organisation in animal societies....

Want to save polar bears? Follow the ice

...since 1978 to form a picture of polar bear habitat history as well as where this habitat most likely remain in the future under global warming projections. When combined with meteorological data, the researchers hope to distinguish short-term, seasonal effects and large scale phenomena such as the Arctic and...

An ancient bathtub ring of mammoth fossils

... other creatures, and in turn learn more about the history of Ice Age flooding." Geologists suspect that most of the Ice Age floods in eastern Washington originated from glacial Lake Missoula. The lake formed behind ice that dammed the Clark Fork River. Sometimes the ice dam broke, releasing huge volumes—...

Risk of lymphoma increases with hepatitis C virus infection

...graphics, socioeconomic status, and particularly a history of injection drug use or blood transfusions received before 1990, when screening for hepatitis C virus was started. ...

World's leading scientists announce creation of 'Encyclopedia of Life'

...forms of life on Earth. For the first time in the history of the planet, scientists, students, and citizens would have multi-media access to all known living species, even those that have just been discovered. The Field Museum, Harvard University, Marine Biological Laboratory (Woods Hole), Smithsonian Inst...

Heavy multivitamin use may be linked to advanced prostate cancer

...The association was strongest in men with a family history of prostate cancer and men who also took selenium, beta-carotene, or zinc supplements. “Because multivitamin supplements consist of a combination of several vitamins and men using high levels of multivitamins were also more likely to take a varie...

Dinosaur hearing, listening to muscle noise, quieter cubicles

...on.edu ), a technology historian, will explore the history of modern sound in early 20th-century United States. "While this new modern sound said little about the physical spaces in which it was produced," Thompson writes, "it has much to tell us about the culture that created it." (2pAAb1) REHABILITAT...

Spud origin controversy solved

...of these studies are providing data to rewrite the history of the cultivated potato and will aid breeders to better interpret the true pedigrees of our modern potato,?said Spooner....

No magic tomato? Study breaks link between lycopene and prostate cancer prevention

... of 55 and 74, enrolled in the PLCO Trial, with no history of prostate cancer. The men were initially screened through a PSA test and digital rectal exam, and were then followed through routine exams and screenings until first occurrence of prostate cancer, death or the end of the trial in 2001. At the begin...

Study of protein folds offers insight into metabolic evolution

...r approach offers a new window on the evolutionary history of metabolism. The study appears this week in the...ever before been used to work out the evolutionary history of protein architecture across biological networks. "We are interested in how structure evolves, ...

NIAID expands capability for influenza research and surveillance

... Hong Kong, which helped shed light on the natural history of flu viruses. Further, scientists conducted training courses in animal influenza surveillance, developed diagnostic tools to detect animal flu viruses, and generated viruses suitable for use in developing human influenza vaccines. NIAID is expan...

Risk of HIV transmission highest early in infection

...the virus’s family tree. The technique follows the history of a virus as it spreads from one person to another by looking at the evolution of viral genetic material in infected individuals. Drs. Brenner, Wainberg, and colleagues found that 49 percent of early infections formed phylogenetic clusters—very ...

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