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Tag: "guide" at biology news

Wisconsin scientists grow critical nerve cells

...owth factors and other natural chemicals needed to guide cells from one stage of motor neuron development to another. But once past a certain point, Li found that the cells kept veering off toward different cellular destinies. After hundreds of unsuccessful variations of growth factors and morphogens, Li w...

Elusive HIV shape change revealed; Key clue to how virus infects cells

... of the journal Nature, offer clues that will help guide vaccine and treatment approaches. Researchers led by Howard Hughes Medical Institute Investigator Stephen Harrison, PhD, and Bing Chen, PhD, focused on the gp120 protein, part of HIV's outer membrane, or envelope. gp120's job is to recognize and bin...

Research advances quest for HIV-1 vaccine

...tists have uncovered new information that may help guide design of vaccines for HIV-1, the virus that causes AIDS. A new detailed structural analysis of the complex formed by an anti-HIV antibody called 4E10 and its specific target provides insight into why this particular antibody is so broadly effective,...

Discovery of key protein's shape could lead to improved bacterial pneumonia vaccine

...s of these bacteria.?Knowingthe shape of CbpA will guide researchers in their efforts to use partor all of this protein as the basis of a vaccine against S. pneumoniae.“CbpA is a very large protein,?Tuomanen said. “Now that we know whatit looks like and how it’s put together, we can pull it apart to see if...

New comparative toxicogenomics database

...s of these bacteria.?Knowingthe shape of CbpA will guide researchers in their efforts to use partor all of this protein as the basis of a vaccine against S. pneumoniae.“CbpA is a very large protein,?Tuomanen said. “Now that we know whatit looks like and how it’s put together, we can pull it apart to see if...

Taking Aim With Nanoparticle PEBBLEs

...assortment of molecules on their surfaces, some to guide the PEBBLEs to their targets inside the body, some to enhance their visibility on MRI images, and others to deliver a deadly cargo to cancer cells when triggered by exposure to light. Unlike chemotherapy drugs that attack tumors by invading cancer c...

The Bacteria's guide to survival

If there was a market for it, a survival guide for bacteria might include topics like "How to use your pili to keep your host from going apoptotic." A host's cells can respond to a bacterial infection with apoptosis, or programmed cell death. For bacteria that pass directly from host to host, thi...

Flocking together: Study shows how animal groups find their way

...ntage of informed individuals needed to accurately guide the group reduced from approximately 50 percent to less than 5 percent. As a result, the number of informed individuals required to lead a small group was about the same as the number needed to lead a large one, Couzin said The researchers extended ...

Gray wolves maintain the food chain in winter

...icted buffer effect. The models described here can guide their efforts and help species adjust to major environmental shifts like climate change. Crucially, Wilmers and Getz's study shows that a robust food chain - including this still embattled top predator - may be even more important as ecological condi...

Computational Method Speeds Mapping of Cell Signaling Networks

...e to another. Tracing the individual pathways that guide information flow inside cells is a difficult task using standard experimental methods. Multidisciplinary research teams are working on new approaches to make the process faster and easier. One such group, led by Garry Nolan of Stanford University an...

FDA Announces Series of Changes to the Class of Marketed Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs)

...n based on the latest available scientific data to guide the careful and appropriate use of these drugs aimed at maximizing their potential benefits and minimizing their risks." FDA has asked Pfizer, Inc. to withdraw Bextra (valdecoxib) from the market because the overall risk versus benefit profile for t...

New Estimates For The Causes Of Child Deaths Worldwide

...es of the causes of child deaths should be used to guide public-health policies and programmes." In an accompanying commentary Peter Byass (Umeå University, Sweden) states: "Counting the world's children is not all that is involved in making the world's children count. It is important to look at the singl...

Duke engineers develop new 3-D cardiac imaging probe

...o, instead, they use fluoroscopy (X-ray movies) to guide the placement of the treatment devices. However, the use of X-ray imaging results in radiation exposure for patients and requires bulky lead-shielding garments for clinicians. In addition, such procedures take up to seven hours to complete. Biomedic...

UN votes to ban human cloning

... clear expression of the ethical norms that should guide scientific research. South Africa abstained because it believes therapeutic cloning aims at protecting human life and is, therefore, inconsistent with the Declaration. It will continue to control therapeutic cloning strictly. The United States, whic...

Marine sponge yields nanoscale secrets

...lass while simultaneously serving as a template to guide the shape of the growing mineral (glass) that it produces. These discoveries are significant because they represent a low temperature, biotechnological, catalytic route to the nanostructural fabrication of valuable materials. Nature produces silica ...

Speak up: Louder neurons form more connections

...g that could help to explain how early experiences guide brain development. The work, published in the April 21 issue of Nature, takes advantage of tiny, see-through zebrafish. Stephen Smith, PhD, professor of molecular and cellular physiology at the Stanford University School of Medicine, and his graduat...

Confirmation of human protein interaction data by human expression data

...g that could help to explain how early experiences guide brain development. The work, published in the April 21 issue of Nature, takes advantage of tiny, see-through zebrafish. Stephen Smith, PhD, professor of molecular and cellular physiology at the Stanford University School of Medicine, and his graduat...

Motor transport in bio-nano systems

...ions and computer simulations. These theories can guide the design of new transport systems by exploring different system architectures in a systematic way before they are actually constructed in the lab. The enhanced diffusion of motors at regular patterns of filaments provides an instructive example: Wh...

Biologists determine genetic blueprint of social amoeba

...d that two genes that are used by Dictyostelium to guide the organism to food sources are also used to guide human white blood cells to the sites of infections and play a role in the spread of cancer. (see: ht...

How monarch butterflies are wired for navigation

...use the angle of polarized sunlight as a celestial guide to help them keep to a straight and true path southward. But details of their navigational machinery have remained a mystery. Now, researchers, led by Steven Reppert of University of Massachusetts Medical School, Ivo Sauman of the Czech Academy of S...

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