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Tag: "gray" at biology news

Key Trigger Of Opioid Withdrawal Symptoms Found

... region of the midbrain--called the periaqueductal gray (PAG)--known to be involved in such withdrawal symptoms. Opiate addiction inhibits neuron activity in this region, which alters the neuronal machinery to compensate for this inhibition. Upon opiate withdrawal, the neurons rebound, becoming hyperactiv...

Gray wolves maintain the food chain in winter

...n be buffered by a top predator - the reintroduced gray wolf (Canis lupus). Gray wolves inhabited most of North America until US extirpation campaigns nearly eradicated them by the 1930s. In 1995, the US Fish and Wildlife Service reintroduced the persecuted predator into Yellowstone. Wilmers and Getz use...

Undesirable expatriates: Preventing the spread of invasive animals

... as strict as the U.S. and Canada. Canadian goose, gray squirrel, and northern cottontails already populate the European countryside. In the absence of precautions, Jeschke speculates that North American animal introductions may become more common. The bottom line-- vertebrate animals have a high rate of...

NHGRI targets 12 more organisms for genome sequencing

...macaque, the orangutan, the kangaroo, the cow, the gray short-tailed opossum, the platypus, the red flour beetle, the domestic cat, the flatworm Schimdtea mediterranea, more species of fruit fly and several species of fungi. ...

Roundup®highly lethal to amphibians, finds University of Pittsburgh researcher

... total mass of tadpoles. Leopard frog tadpoles and gray tree frog tadpoles were completely eliminated and wood frog tadpoles and toad tadpoles were nearly eliminated. One species of frog, spring peepers, was unaffected. "The most shocking insight coming out of this was that Roundup®, something designed t...

Depression gene may weaken mood-regulating circuit

...ith the depression-linked gene variant showed less gray matter and weaker connections in the mood-regulati...th at least one copy of the short variant had less gray matter, neurons and their connections, in the amygdala-cingulate circuit than those with two copies ...

Investigating 'brain shrinkage' in alcoholics

...layer of brain, also called the cerebral cortex or gray matter, controls most complex mental activities," explained Clive Harper, symposium organizer and professor of neuropathology at the University of Sydney and Royal Prince Alfred Hospital. "The cortex is filled with nerve cells, also called neurons, t...

Elderly mice yield clues to the process of growing old

...gly, the mice develop symptoms of old age, notably gray hair and hair loss, more commonly seen in humans than mice. Prolla suggests that new studies of mice engineered to have fewer than normal mitochondrial DNA defects or improved mitochondrial function may pave the way for strategies to retard aging. "...

Simple sea sponge helps scientists understand tissue rejection

...--the scientists have observed that cells known as gray cells migrate to and amass at the graft site, a cl...ecognition and rejection. Researchers believe that gray cells may be a primitive form of our immune system's human killer cells. Fernndez-Busquets has also...

Methamphetamine Abuse, HIV Infection Cause Changes in Brain Structure

...h cause significant changes in the volume of brain gray matter structures and cognitive function.?/p> Scientists led by Dr. Terry Jernigan of the HIV Neurobehavioral Research Center of the University of California-San Diego conducted brain scans to analyze structural volume changes in 103 adults divid...

Sudden change in social status triggers genetic response in male fish, study finds

...id metamorphosis. His body color changes from dull gray to flashy blue or yellow, and a prominent black stripe ("eyebar") appears across his face. This physical transformation signals to males and females alike that he's the top fish now and will vigorously defend his newly acquired breeding grounds. "W...

A little telomerase isn't enough

...In this family, the affected grandmother developed gray hair in her 20s and lung problems in her early 60s and died at age 65. Her affected children developed signs of the disease about 10 years earlier than she had, and analysis of their cells revealed that 60 percent to 75 percent of their chromosomes h...

Microbes under Greenland Ice may be preview of what scientists find under Mars' surface

...zed ice several meters above bedrock that was dark gray in appearance because of its high silt content, and identified dozens of types of both aerobic (oxygen-loving) and anaerobic (oxygen-phobic) microbes. They estimated that 80 percent of the microbes were still alive. Though methane has been detected ...

Cortex matures faster in youth with highest IQ

...t cleverer solely by virtue of having more or less gray matter at any one age," explained Rapoport. "Rather, IQ is related to the dynamics of cortex maturation."The observed differences are consistent with findings from functional magnetic resonance imaging, showing that levels of activation in prefrontal...

Aggression-related gene weakens brain's impulse control circuits

... they found that those with L showed reductions in gray matter (neurons and their connections) of about 8 percent in brain structures of a mood-regulating circuit (cingulate cortex, amygdala) among other areas. Volume of an area important for motivation and impulse regulation (orbital frontal cortex) was ...

Brain differences could explain why males and females experience pain relief differently

...in the area of the brain called the periaqueductal gray (PAG). This region of the brain relays information regarding pain to another brain region, the rostral ventral medulla (RVM). This PAG-RVM circuit is the main pain circuit in the brain, and is responsible for the sensation of pain. Both narcotics a...

Gene thwarts some pathogens, gives access to others, could save crops

...rts a disease-causing invader that creates a fuzzy gray coating on flowers, fruits and vegetables. But the...trytis cinerea, a pathogen that makes strawberries gray and fuzzy, tries to invade a plant, the gene BIK1 recognizes the pathogen and sets off a defensive r...

Tetracycline plus teeth equal gray smile

...hild's teeth and creates a permanent dark and deep gray or brown stain over the entire tooth. Other stains appear in a pattern of horizontal stripes of varying intensity. Also, during the same time period (before1980) many children may have been given the drug and had the same stains. Often dentists can t...

Species unique to tidal marshes face threats

...er or specialized glands that exude salt. Many are gray or black in color, which is believed to be an advantage because it matches the dark color of the soils often found in tidal marshes. Why endemic tidal marsh species seem to be largely restricted to North America--which has 24 of the worldwide total o...

Small, smaller, smallest -- The plight of the vaquita

...xamples anywhere in the world than eastern Pacific gray whales and northern elephant seals, both of which came back from low numbers and now represent true conservation success stories. Similar efforts are needed urgently for the vaquita, a small animal living in a small area with a small, and ever-smalle...

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