Cytoplasm affects the number of vertebrae in carp-goldfish clones
...cytoplasm. Thus the egg cytoplasm of the recipient goldfish directs segmentation of the body and hence the num... have 33 to 36 vertebrae in their backbones, while goldfish have 26 to 28. Six of the seven cloned fish had between 26 and 28 vertebrae; one had 31. Although t...Bacteria that cause tooth decay able to survive without important biochemical pathway
...gesting a backup pathway was in place. But, like goldfish dropped in new water, the altered bacteria could not contend with sudden environmental change. When artificially shocked with acid to a pH below that where tooth demineralization begins, the altered bacteria became sick and unable to grow. Shocking t...Ancient amphibians evolved a bite before migrating to dry land
...es its prey by sucking it into the mouth -- like a goldfish -- or by biting on it directly, like a crocodile," says Markey, a postdoctoral researcher and lecturer in Harvard's Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences. "A biting or chewing motion would result in a faint pushing together of the frontal bones ...