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Tag: "gives" at biology news

Microscopic brain imaging in the palm of your hand

... will give them insight into how cellular behavior gives rise to the properties of organisms as a whole. For instance, the nerve cells of the hippocampus region of the brain give rise to important mental processes such as learning and memory. Imaging living cells below the surface has been difficult to ac...

Researchers track down cause of a disfiguring bone disorder

...ists have tracked down the biological trigger that gives rise to Van Buchem disease, a hereditary, disfiguring bone disorder that can cause blindness and deafness. The findings provide insight into long-range gene regulation and could lead to new treatments for osteoporosis and other crippling bone disorde...

Secrets to antibody's success against West Nile Virus surprise scientists

...int. "This was a complete surprise to us, but it gives us some very useful insights," says senior author Daved Fremont, Ph.D., associate professor of pathology & immunology and of biochemistry & molecular biophysics at Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis. "Based on what we've le...

Bitter or sweet? The same taste bud can tell the difference

...t is also active in taste bud cells. That finding gives scientists a deeper understanding of how the human brain may distinguish between different types of tastes, said Scott Herness, the study's lead author and a professor of oral biology and neuroscience at Ohio State University . The current study bui...

New technique rapidly detects illness-causing bacteria

...uch like a pregnancy test. Newly designed software gives researchers a powerful tool for increasing the sensitivity of the analysis. The method may help researchers and companies that are in the business of tracking food-borne pathogens, allowing technicians to determine a source quickly. It may also help...

Survival of heart patients on beta-blockers varies greatly with genetic variation

...e at Washington University School of Medicine. "It gives a hint of what medical practice will be like down the road when we can put such knowledge to practical use every day."The study consisted of 735 ACS patients from two Kansas City, Missouri hospitals. Patients' average age was 60, and 81 percent of th...

MSU researchers receive $4 million grant to uncover gene functions

... in human health and agriculture. The chloroplast gives green plants their color and carries out photosynthesis and produces oxygen. It can be thought of as the world's life-support system. It is an attractive target for biotechnology because it produces many different molecules important to agriculture a...

Beyond genes: Lipid helps cell wall protein fold into proper shape

...hod to Extend Research in Time) status essentially gives Dowhan a 10-year renewal to 2015 on his longstanding NIGMS grant "Structure and Function of Membrane Proteins" by providing back-to-back five-year grants of $2.4 million apiece. In April, Dowhan received the prestigious American Society for Biochemi...

Structures of marine toxins provide insight into their effectiveness as cancer drugs

...ng the activity of actin, an abundant protein that gives structure to eukaryotic cells. "Actin forms long chains, or filaments, that are essential for cellular locomotion, division and growth," explains Allingham. "Because cancer cell masses grow faster than other cells in the body, actin provides an exce...

Nanowires can detect molecular signs of cancer, scientists find

..., it sparks a momentary change in conductance that gives a clear indication of the marker's presence. The detectors differentiate among various cancer markers both through the specific receptors used to snag them and because each binds its receptor for a characteristic length of time before dislodging. "...

Brain size may depend upon how neural cells are cleaved

...at later stages of neurogenesis, vertical cleavage gives rise to two mature neurons that are incapable of further division, while horizontal cleavage yields one neuron and one progenitor cell that can continue to support brain growth. The researchers speculate that this type of regulatory decision point m...

How cell suicide protects plants from infection

... such as cancer, Alzheimer's and AIDS. "This work gives us a better understanding of how plants fend off microbial attacks through carefully controlled destruction of infected cells," said James Anderson, of the Division of Genetics and Developmental Biology at the National Institute of General Medical Sc...

Unweaving amyloid fibers to solve prion puzzles

...als like mice, cows, and ultimately humans. "This gives us insight as to why some prions can't cross the species barrier while others can--as they have with mad cows and humans.," says Lindquist. That gap has also been observed between other species, she notes: "In fact, some type of prions from infected ...

Geckos: It's not always about sex

...am. "The traditional theory is that when a species gives up sex and reproduces through cloning, the offspring will have reduced performance." Parthenogenetic creatures are all-female species. Their "clonal" way of reproducing means that a mother's babies are genetically identical to her. A further twist t...

Simple explanation for complex pattern of feather development

... "Understanding these mechanisms of feather growth gives a whole new perspective on the unique beauty of feathers," said Richard Prum, senior author on the study. Prum is the William Robertson Coe Professor of Ornithology, and Curator of Ornithology and Vertebrate Zoology at Yale's Peabody Museum of Natura...

Neanderthal teeth grew no faster than comparable modern humans'

...how long it took for the tooth to mature. And that gives them an indication of the length of an individual's childhood. Neanderthals, Homo neanderthalensis, were the dominant hominid inhabiting most of what is now Europe and western Asia . Remains have been found as far south as Iraq and as far north as ...

Computers close in on protein structure prediction

...e identity. The sequence of side chains ultimately gives each protein its characteristic shape by the environment and neighbors they prefer. Then the computer randomly twists, loops, and bends each amino acid sequence into 100,000 different shapes based on the preferred location of the amino acids. Some a...

Stressed cells spark DNA repair missteps and speed evolution

...only in a certain physical space at a certain time gives the cells advantage because it reduces the risk to the whole colony. DNA breaks occur only rarely in each individual cell. If the mutations are restricted in time and space, it reduces the risk that the mistakes in repair will affect some other gene....

Learning how SARS spikes its quarry

... cell. "When there's a conformational change, it gives you an opportunity to explore the possibility of antiviral therapeutics," said Harrison. "When you have two conformational structures, you can think about how to prevent infection by inhibiting the transition from one state to another." ...

Making plant cells work like miniature factories

...er of metabolomics. The biotech field of genomics gives scientists genetic roadmaps to link certain genes to diseases. The subsequent study of proteins produced by certain genes spawned the field of proteomics. Now, a group of researchers at the U.S. Department of Energy's Ames Laboratory at Iowa State U...

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