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Tag: "genome" at biology news

Researchers develop flood-tolerant California rice

...es that access today to information about the rice genome ?all the genetic material in the chromosomes of rice ?has greatly accelerated progress in identifying specific genes that confer specific traits. "Currently, the International Rice Research Institute is actively crossing the submergence tolerant Indi...

Cigarette smoke blocks cell repair mechanism, University of Florida study shows

..."The mutation then becomes a permanent part of the genome and causes genomic instability, and genomic instability can bring about several cellular dysfunctions, and one of them can lead to tumor formation." Other UF research led by Xingming Deng, M.D., Ph.D., and published last month in the Journal of Bi...

DOE JGI finishes 100th microbial genome

...ed per month, or roughly the equivalent of a human genome once over. As microbes range in size from typical...sted. "We are delighted that the DOE JGI's 100th genome is a microorganism that one of our UMBI faculty members has been studying to evaluate its potential ...

Genetic tug of war determines sexual differentiation

...hird gene, Sry, located on the Y chromosome in the genome and known to be the primary sex-determining gene in mammals. When this gene becomes activated at a crucial moment in the early gonad's development, it favors Fgf9 and leads to the development of a testis. "We found that Sry accomplishes this feat b...

DOE JGI sequences, releases genome of symbiotic tree fungus

...Genome Institute (DOE JGI). The complete Laccaria genome sequence was announced July 23 at the Fifth Intern...ps in Germany, Sweden, and France. "The Laccaria genome sequence will provide the global research community with a critical resource to develop faster-growi...

African parasite makes component of fat differently from all other organisms

...tty acid-making pathway by hunting the trypanosome genome for stretches of DNA known to be involved in fatty...sed, the researchers then examined the trypanosome genome more carefully and discovered enzymes that in other organisms are known to increase the size of a fa...

Researchers add crucial information on how the body's T cells react to parasitic diseases

...generated from the recent analysis of the T. cruzi genome and proteome, with bioinformatics and cutting-edge techniques like advanced flow cytometry to unravel what is happening. ...

Mitochondrial DNA sequencing tool updated

...cing the complete human mitochondrial genome. The genome consisted of 16,568 base pair, or units, of DNA an...abled laboratories to resequence the mitochondrial genome much faster than the traditional manual and automated strategies. Just as importantly, like an iPod...

A more powerful and efficient engine for rice: the C3-C4 challenge

... knowledge generated by the sequencing of the rice genome is allowing researchers for the first time to discuss how they might work together to completely reconfigure what's known as the engine of rice production, the plant's photosynthetic system. "If you think of the rice plant as a car, what we were t...

What's shaped like a pear and has 2 genomes? Check the pond

...rocesses these genes encode. In the new study, genome analysis showed that one way that Tetrahymena adap...ent genome. Inside one nucleus, the "micronuclear" genome is reserved for sex and reproduction, remaining genetically silent during growth. Inside the second,...

Speeding discovery of the 'human cancer genome'

... Cell highlight one way to speed through the human genome in search of those genes most important for spawni...ding to the researchers. "With improvements in genome technology, we've found that human cancer is noisy," said Howard Hughes Medical Institute investigat...

In a technical tour de force, Salk scientists take a global view of the epigenome

...e Encyclopedia Of DNA Elements. Now that the human genome has been sequenced, ENCODE aims to develop technol...ers to do just that. "We fit the whole Arabidopsis genome - about 120 million bases - on a single high density microarray," says Ecker. "To look at the entire...

Scientists elucidate the kinome of key model organism

...iomedical Research Institute that provides a whole genome analysis of the protein kinases from a scientifically valuable model organism known as Dictyostelium. Led by Dr. Janet Smith, this study offers important insights into the evolution of kinases, which are enzymes involved in cell communication path...

New human retrovirus originated in mice

.... When the researchers isolated and sequenced the genome of the virus, they found that it was a xenotropic virus ?one that can only grow in foreign cells other than mouse cells. Thus, they named the virus, Xenotropic MuLV-related virus, or XMRV. "This finding was a big surprise because most of these endog...

Researchers identify genes in fruitflies that may shed light on human cancer spread

...functions only, and only one gene at a time. Whole genome studies, like the microarray analysis used in this... a way that mutational analysis cannot. And, whole genome approaches can look at most of the genes in the genome at one time. As part of their previous work,...

Biomarkers may hone anti-aging therapies

...omap," a database of all known human mitochondrial genome changes. "Unraveling the molecular clues as to why aging cells function differently than young cells requires that we have molecular markers that we can track," Sligh said. "It won't be long before other investigators who have other human tissue spe...

Nanopore method could revolutionize genome sequencing

...no Letters, describes a method to sequence a human genome in a matter of hours at a potentially low cost, by...er of a human hair. Because sequencing a person's genome would take several months and millions of dollars with current DNA sequencing technology, the resear...

Common molecular 'signature' identified in solid tumors

...nt unnoticed ?nestled within vast stretches of the genome that appeared to be non-functional. They may have been easy to overlook: miRNAs are usually only 22 or so nucleotides in length ?miniscule in size when compared to their cousins, messenger RNA, which can be several hundred to a thousand times that lo...

New method for identifying microbes

...st such a technique, which they call "single point genome signature tagging." Using enzymes that recognize s...can't be matched to an already sequenced bacterial genome (of which there are only a couple hundred), the scientists can use the tag as a primer to sequence t...

Study finds 60 new genes controlled by DNA snippet

...od Institute, sought to survey the human and mouse genome databases created by the Human Genome Project to find all CArG boxes that regulate genes. The sheer amount of information involved requires that such studies use high-powered computer programs to screen data. In this case, researchers used a high-spe...

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