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Tag: "genome" at biology news

Massive duplication of genes may solve Darwin's 'abominable mystery' about flowering plants

.... Arabidopsis, for example, the first plant whose genome was entirely sequenced, was shown to harbor many small blocks of related genes in identical order along the chromosome--the telltale remnants of a whole-genome duplication. In Arabidopsis and other cases, however, the signs of whole-genome duplicati...

Innovative method for creating a human cytomegalovirus vaccine outlined

...y introduce selected genes from human CMV into the genome of mouse CMV in the laboratory. The result was a novel form of CMV virus that infected human cells well enough that it might trigger an immune response but not well enough to sustain an infection. "It should be possible to develop a safe and effect...

DNA to the defense

...trains of African trypanosomes." Analysis of the genome sequence of T. brucei was published just last year, amid increasing calls for research into new control strategies for this neglected disease. The current study underscores this parasite's reputation as a master of adaptation, devoting unprecedent...

Leptin found to control appetite and limb development in frogs

...n appropriate time. Finding leptin in the Xenopus genome was no small feat. The sequence for the "obese" gene that makes leptin is quite different between frogs and humans, so Denver's lab had some puzzles to solve to successfully clone the frog gene. But once they solved those issues and put the gene into...

Infected for life

...ency-Associated Transcript gene (LAT) in the viral genome and works through a process called RNA interference to prevent normal cell death or apoptosis. Thus, the latent viral infection is maintained for the lifetime of the individual because the latently infected cell does not die. "Although miRNAs encode...

Speeding the search for elusive chromosomal errors

...ow researchers to rapidly analyze a person's whole genome -- the entire complement of DNA in a cell nucleus. "These microarrays provide more rapid and precise results than karyotyping, and offer as much as 50 times higher resolution than other, more commonly used microarrays, such as bacterial artificial c...

Gut microbes' partnership helps body extract energy from food, store it as fat

...small intestine mostly unchanged because our human genome does not have the genes needed to digest them. Bac...gues are completing the sequence of the M. smithii genome and sequencing the genomes of many other members of the normal human gut microbial community. This e...

Pathway toward gene silencing described in plants

...able elements that can move or spread throughout a genome and disrupt other gene functions if left unchecked. There is also interest in DNA methylation because understanding how some genes are selectively silenced and how silenced alleles can be turned on again may someday have practical benefits. For inst...

Chimpanzee study reveals genome variation hotspots

...earchers believe that dynamic regions of the human genome -- "hotspots" in terms of duplications and deletio...arge segments of DNA -- in the same regions of the genome as do humans. What this suggests is that some regions of the genomes are inherently unstable in both...

Defense peptide found in primates may block some human HIV transmissions

...in gene would be incorporated into the chloroplast genome of tobacco cells before the plants grow. Daniell has developed a similar approach to growing anthrax vaccine in tobacco plants. An inexpensive way to produce the drug with only a small amount of tobacco would help to make it accessible in areas suc...

A protein complex that untangles DNA

...about the normal mechanisms that maintain a stable genome we can gain a better position to understand what goes wrong in cancer", says Camilla Sjögren, who leads the research group. Central to both chromosome repair and distribution during cell division are three related protein complexes. "Quite a bit i...

New research examines genetics of successful aging

...of this study was to identify regions of the human genome that contributed, along with lifestyle factors, to...ubjects were male, half were female. Using a novel genome survey method, scientists compared the DNA of the study sample with that of 100 young adults, aged 1...

New strategy rapidly identifies cancer targets

...raditionally, cancer-gene hunters have scanned the genome looking for mutations that trigger out-of-control cell growth. Druker tried this approach, but found it wanting. "We were doing some high-throughput DNA sequencing, and we weren't really finding much," he said. Instead, the team added tools from t...

Ready, set, mutate?and may the best microbe win

... had only to characterize that small region of the genome for each new strain in order to measure evolutionary progress. The researchers sampled the fermentor for new strains every other day. Though millions of mutations in the target gene are believed to have occurred, only about 700 of those were capable...

When the going gets tough, slime molds start synthesizing

...time, Dictyostelium was in the midst of having its genome sequenced, and the bits and pieces of raw DNA sequencing data were being deposited in publicly available databases. Austin recalled, "One night I performed a bioinformatics search to look for genetic evidence that would suggest the existence of a typ...

Completed genome set to transform the cow

...this week of the most complete sequence of the cow genome ever assembled. Developed by an international co...arming." Cattle geneticists will use the bovine genome as a template to highlight genetic variation within and between cattle breeds, and between cattle an...

Researchers identify human DNA on the fast track

Since completing the sequencing of the chimpanzee genome last year, geneticists have spent many hours compa...xciting to use evolution to look at regions of our genome that haven't been explored yet," said Howard Hughes Medical Institute investigator David Haussler, t...

NHGRI announces latest sequencing targets

...g the stage for completing a quest to sequence the genome of at least one non-human primate genome from each of the major positions along the evolutionary primate tree and making available an essenti...

CHAVI announces international search for genes affecting HIV response

...ify common genes -- wherever they are in the human genome -- that affect how the body responds to HIV. "Beca...he risk of disease -- in this case, HIV/AIDS. The genome studies will be carried out at the Duke Institute for Genome Sciences & Policy and the Universit...

'Signature' of chromosome instability predicts cancer outcomes

...tool that could be used in the clinic. The human genome is at constant risk for mutations due to environmental insults, errors in gene replication, and other factors that can cause chromosomes to break and bits of DNA to be lost, duplicated or reshuffled to the wrong chromosomes. Cells have repair mechani...

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