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Tag: "genome" at biology news

P(acman) takes a bite out of deciphering Drosophila DNA

P(acman) ?a new method of introducing DNA into the genome of fruit flies or Drosophila ?promises to transfor...e pieces of DNA that can then be inserted into the genome of the fly at a specific site using phiC31-mediated transgenesis. It is a new technique with far-...

Scientists identify 36 genes, 100 neuropeptides in honey bee brains

...ing a combination of the newly available honey bee genome sequence, as well as bioinformatics and mass spect... sizes, and are notoriously hard to predict from a genome alone," Sweedler said. "Even if you find a gene, it is hard to say what particular peptide it will c...

New genetic analysis forces re-draw of insect family tree

...incides with Nature's publication of the honey bee genome sequence (also Thursday 26 October 2006). The results are based on an analysis of the same 185 genes found in the genomes of eight different insect families, which together represent 45 per cent of all known animal species. This enabled the in...

Crohn's disease gene identified

...sease, it also highlights the promise of the human genome project and subsequent investments by the NIH in large scale, collaborative research projects to unravel the causes of, and hopefully better treatments for complex, enigmatic diseases," said Stephen P. James, M.D., director of the Division of Digesti...

Scientists solve 30-year-old mystery of mutant mouse's kidney woes

...e hydronephrosis. With assistance from the mouse genome sequence and Li Ding, Ph.D., a research instructor at the Genome Sequencing Center at Washington University, Chen and his colleagues showed that the protein mutated in the mice is aquaporin 2 (aqp2), which belongs to an important family of proteins t...

Looking to a new era in bee research

...signed on to analyse the newly available honey bee genome sequence, generating exciting results in many areas of biology. Themes for analysis included Anti-Xenobiotic Defence Mechanisms, Bee Disease and Immunity, Brain and Behaviour, Caste Development and Reproduction, Comparative and Evolutionary Analy...

Bacterial 'switch gene' regulates how oceans emit sulfur into atmosphere

...rium from the ocean first, and then sequencing its genome enabled this team to find the genes involved in th...ility of new genomic data. The scientists searched genome fragments of these plankton, looking for specific gene sequences that would show how the plankton us...

Scientists resuscitate a 5 million-year-old retrovirus

... frozen in time after it integrated into the human genome about 5 million years ago," explains Dr. Thierry Heidmann, lead investigator on the project. "In our study, we've recovered this ancestral state and shown that it has the potential for infectivity." Retroviruses, whose genomes consist of RNA, can...

Scientists use gene signatures to match cancer and other diseases with potentially effective drugs

In one of the most ambitious spinoffs of the human genome project, researchers at Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Children's Hospital Boston, the Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, and other collaborating centers have unveiled a new, systematic approach to drug discovery that matches diseases with potential ...

Gut reaction: Researchers define the colon's genome

...first time, scientists have defined the collective genome of the human gut, or colon. Up to 100 trillion microbes, representing more than 1,000 species, make up a motley "microbiome" that allows humans to digest much of what we eat, including some vitamins, sugars, and fiber. In a study published in the J...

MRSA vaccine shows promise in mouse study

...and group B meningococci. Access to the S. aureus genome enabled the team to compile a list of cell-surface antigens from diverse strains of the bacteria, many of them new targets. From that list, Schneewind and colleagues selected 19 potential vaccine targets taken from eight different strains of S. aure...

Mobile DNA part of evolution's toolbox

... repeated copying of a small segment of DNA in the genome of a primeval fish may have been crucial to the tr...he LF-SINE remained active, so that the coelacanth genome is now estimated to contain hundreds of thousands of copies of the sequence. The close copies of t...

Learning the language of DNA

...ome describes all of the information read from the genome by a cell at any given time. "Essentially, we need to understand the language that cells use to read DNA in order to know how processes in the body are controlled," Professor Hume said. "This knowledge will be a major resource to the biomedical r...

Scientists discover that ancient genes dictate flowering, fall bud set

...ual plant Arabidopsis, the first plant to have its genome sequenced, the genes Constans (CO) and Flowering Locus T (FT) induce flowering in response to day length. It turns out that Populus trees (aspens, cottonwoods, poplars), the first tree to have been sequenced, also have CO and FT genes and can be forc...

Researchers find protein that silences genes

...amine the 16 predicted histone deacetylases in the genome to see if any play a role in nucleolar dominance. They made transgenic hybrids in which each of the deacetylases were knocked out one by one and then examined the plants to see if there were effects on nucleolar dominance. In this process they foun...

A rice future for Asia

.... Zeigler said. "The recent sequencing of the rice genome attracted enormous international attention, especially among the scientific community, yet most young Asians still don't know it even happened, let alone understand its implications for the food they eat each day." During their five days at IRRI, th...

Surprising symbiosis: Glassy-winged sharpshooter eats with friends

..." in which they sequenced the B. cicadellinicola's genome from material gathered via dissections of hundreds of insects. The scientists were dumbstruck to find no evidence of the biochemical pathways needed to synthesize amino acids. Could the plant be somehow providing amino acids to its insect predator? U...

Scientists discover new regulating mechanism in cells

...olleagues identified additional genes in the human genome that do not undergo the processing step and probably need RHA to be translated. Many of these genes encode proteins that help regulate cell growth and are involved in cancer. ...

Potato blight pathogenicity explained by genome plasticity

... resolved, this study highlights the importance of genome plasticity in evolution. Understanding genome plasticity as a mechanism for environmental response and ecological adaptation in pathogenic organis...

Salk scientists get to the root of plant cell fate

...is thaliana, the first flowering plant to have its genome sequenced and a popular model organism for many aspects of plant biology. Like animals, plants develop along a polar axis, but with a root on one end and a shoot on the other. A defective TOPLESS gene, however, causes plant embryos to develop into a...

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