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Tag: "genome" at biology news

Single molecular 'mark' seen as pivotal for genome compaction in spores and sperm

...d a single molecule whose presence is required for genome compaction. Their experiments showed that the mole...and mice, suggesting that the mechanisms governing genome compaction are evolutionarily ancient, highly conserved in species whose lineages diverged long ago....

Boston University biomedical engineers win major grant for pursuit of the '$1,000 Genome'

...IH, sequencing the 3 billion base pairs on a human genome using current technology costs about $10 million. Reducing the cost to $1,000 or less would bring DNA sequencing into the realm of routine medical care, enabling doctors to diagnose and treat patients more effectively based on their individual geneti...

Two central mysteries in genome inheritance solved at UCSD

...n pulling apart the two replicas of the duplicated genome during cell division. They have also identified a...two long-standing mysteries about the mechanism of genome inheritance during cell division. "These two discoveries open the door to further studies of the c...

Mayo Clinic: Gene expression profiling not quite perfected in predicting lung cancer prognosis

...nce has exploded since the completion of the human genome project in 2003. Researchers caution that the science of gene expression profiling, in which scientists examine the genetic signature of a cell, is in its infancy, particularly in lung cancer. "Growing evidence suggests that gene-based prediction ...

Researchers create genetically matched embryonic stem cells for transplantation

...ugh parthenogenesis may have some regions of their genome that contain duplicated copies of mutant genes that have been linked with malignancies or abnormal tissue growth. "Right now this technique is useful for basic research, but we are hopeful that parthenogenetic cells might prove useful for therapies...

Caterpillars tell us how bacteria cause disease

... insect pathogens. Instead of looking at the whole genome ?which codes for the entire bacteria, Dr Waterfield's team fragment the genome and insert different genes into a harmless laboratory bacterium which they then insert into caterpil...

Researchers barcode DNA of Venice museum's vast fungi collection

...in the world. Rather than sequencing the entire genome of each species, the researchers are focusing on a non-coding region of the ribosomal DNA that is known to be unique in each species. The length of the region varies from around 450 base pairs to 900 base pairs, depending upon the taxa from which it ...

Genomic comparison of lactic acid bacteria published

...Davis, and their colleagues have characterized the genome sequences of nine different lactic acid-producing ...is, and senior author on the study. "Access to the genome sequences for these fermentative microorganisms will dramatically increase our understanding of thei...

New technology used to construct the first map of structural variation in the human genome

...imple stream of one-letter characters in the human genome sequence lies a complex, higher-order code. In or...echnology, scientists can scan for CNVs across the genome in a single experiment. While this is a cost-effective means of obtaining large amounts of data, sc...

Sunflower speciation highlights roles for transposable elements in evolution

...derstanding of how hybridization may contribute to genome changes and the evolution of new species, research...new work, the researchers have determined that the genome size differences between the hybrid and parental sunflower species are associated with a massive pro...

Researchers use multiphoton microscopy to watch chromosomes in action

...istranded chromosomes with hundreds of sets of the genome instead of the usual two sets in conventional cells. This enlarges the usual nuclear dimensions by about 10 times, making them large enough to image the detail. The results were stunning. "Within two weeks we had spectacular pictures," said Lis. The...

Honey bee genome holds clues to social behavior

...stem, Sinha led a team that searched the honey bee genome for clues for social cues ?a form of bee pressure ... his colleagues used the newly sequenced honey bee genome to scan the binding sites of transcription factors known to function in the development of fruit fli...

A giant among minnows: Giant danio can keep growing

...ant danio are closely related, and the zebrafish’s genome has already been mapped, scientists hope they can ... Because genes are the key, the zebrafish’s mapped genome will be invaluable in finding what is different about the danio’s genetic pathways that allow it to ...

Researchers make progress in studying genetic traits of India-born populations

...in terms of the total number of sites in the human genome that were surveyed. The researchers found that populations from India, and more generally, South Asia, make up one of the major human ancestry groups, with relatively little genetic differentiation among the Indian populations. Although the stu...

Study shows how herpes infects cornea, evades immune cells

...kla said, the envelope containing the herpes virus genome emerges from the sac undamaged and able to infect the cell. "This raises the interesting possibility that herpes may be able to evade the immune system defenses in the same way," he said. "Understanding herpes' unusual pathway for infecting the stro...

International team analyzes human genetic variation in key immune region

...plex (MHC), the most important region of the human genome encoding the human response to infection, autoimmune disease and organ transplantation. The work represents a milestone in the analysis of genetic variability for this fundamental immune region and lays the scientific foundation for future efforts ai...

UGA scientists unravel 'molecular inch-worm' structure of walking-pneumonia bacterium

..." said Krause. "They have no cell walls, and their genome is among the smallest known for a cell capable of a free-living existence." Other researchers, using electron microscopy, have described the basic structure of the terminal organelle, but Krause's team went further, using fluorescence microscopy an...

Jefferson researchers uncover new way nature turns genes on and off

...non-coding (nc)RNAs. About two-thirds of the human genome is converted into such RNAs (the better known messenger RNAs are translated into proteins), though the function of the majority is unknown. The researchers detailed a possible mechanism by which ncRNAs briefly control the functioning of homeotic, or ...

Better sludge through metagenomics

...echniques, we were able to isolate and acquire the genome sequence of Accumulibacter phosphatis without a pu...atory culture. We expect that clues hidden in the genome will lead to domestication of this mysterious organism, enabling further studies of its habits and l...

How many genes does it take to learn? Lessons from sea slugs

...ve that a common ancestor of animals had a complex genome and different genes controlling brain or immune fu...vel genes not formerly associated with the mollusk genome that include many associated with neurological disorders." The findings are especially important ...

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