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Tag: "genome" at biology news

Sea urchin genome suprisingly similar to man and may hold key to cures

...they eat kelp and algae. Still, the sea creature’s genome is remarkably similar to humans?and may hold the k...ch recently completed sequencing of the sea urchin genome and published its findings in the November issue of Science. The National Institutes of Health funde...

Genetic surprise confirms neglected 70-year-old evolutionary hypothesis

...red. One species, Drosophila melanogaster, had its genome already sequenced, making that part of the job muc...ome #4 in simulans," says Masly. As the simulans' genome was newly sequenced, Masly called a colleague, geneticist Corbin D. Jones, a co-author of the paper ...

Mayo researchers discover HIV dependence on a human protein

...uses its integrase protein to insert a copy of its genome into a chromosome. That copy becomes a permanent archive of the virus's genetic program, like a tiny file burned onto a computer hard drive. While patients are kept healthy when those copies are "suppressed" with multiple daily antiviral medicines, t...

Powerful genome ID method extended to humans

...atical discovery has extended the reach of a novel genome mapping method to humans, potentially giving cance...olecules, optical mapping can produce a map of its genome at a relatively low cost. An optical map lacks the minute detail of a genetic sequence, but it ma...

Mapping the mouse genome

... recombination hot spots were also common in mouse genome jungles. They found one motif, CCTCCCT, corresponding to mouse jungles and deserts was conserved among rats, dogs, and chimpanzees, as well as humans. This new, improved mouse genetic map has already yielded valuable information on how factors suc...

From a lowly yeast, researchers divine a clue to human disease

...t regulation of individual genes but not the whole genome at once. Using yeast, a small and relatively simple organism, the Wisconsin group developed a method to get a broad view of how Sen1 works and what happens when it doesn't work properly. Normally, Sen1 acts like a molecular stop sign, telling anot...

Scientists win grants to develop $1,000 genome sequencing technology

... nucleotide bases in the 6-billion-base-pair human genome is roughly $10 million, but researchers at UC San ...l grant to lower the cost to only $1,000 per human genome sequenced. Determining the genome sequence of individuals is considered crucial to understanding and...

University of Iowa scientists explore function of 'junk DNA'

..., investigated how a set of microRNAs in the human genome is turned on, or expressed. In contrast to original assertions, they discovered that the molecular machinery used to express these microRNAs is different than that used to express RNA that encodes proteins. Expression of the microRNAs required an enz...

From hot springs to rice farms, scientists reveal new insights into the secret lives of archaea

...ck-Institute researchers were the first to map the genome of Rice Cluster I species. This gene sequencing effort may one day help scientists find a way to reduce agricultural-based methane emissions through genetic engineering. Non-extremophiles everywhere ''For many years, we always thought of arch...

HIV gets a makeover

...IV. By swapping out the capsid region of the HIV-1 genome for that of the monkey virus, and then selectively growing the viruses that replicated most robustly, over several generations Hatziioannou created an HIV-1 mutant that could evade the monkey cells' TRIM5 recognition. Another bit of engineering w...

Taking 'chips' to the next level of gene hunting

...disease-causing mutations in the 97 percent of the genome long believed to be "junk." A variety of DNA micr...posable element insertion point) can locate in the genome where so-called jumping genes have landed and disrupted normal gene function. This chip is described...

Regulating the nuclear architecture of the cell

...ther features of nuclear architecture, maintaining genome stability in the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster...ble online to subscribers. Because much of the genome of Drosophila is shared with human beings, learning how nuclear organization is controlled in the fr...

Unraveling where chimp and human brains diverge

...to map the activity of virtually every gene in the genome simultaneously. By comparing gene activity in different areas of the brain, the team identified gene networks that correlated to specific brain regions. Then they compared the strength of these correlations between humans and chimps. Many of th...

Researchers discover that sheep need retroviruses for reproduction

...own as endogenous retroviruses, are present in the genome of all mammals, including humans. Consequently, e...fore, enJSRVs became a permanent part of the sheep genome and, in these days, sheep can't do without them." The research team is trying to determine exactly...

Genetic study of Neanderthal DNA reveals early split between humans and Neanderthals

...do not exclude the possibility of modest levels of genome admixture." Pritchard's team suggests that human...e. The scientists also used data from the HapMap genome project to understand the relationship between modern human diversity and the Neanderthal sequence. ...

Scientists find new way to manipulate DNA

...ol to control the length of the strands of DNA. In genome sequencing, the first step is to take the genome and break it into small pieces to reassemble it into the DNA strand that is best for further biochem...

Protein 'fingerprint' in spinal fluid could spot Alzheimer's disease

...controls without the disease. "Just as the human genome reflects the array of genes a person possesses, the ‘proteome' is the vast collection of proteins expressed by those genes," said Lee. "Essentially we used high-tech methods to contrast the proteomes of Alzheimer's patients against those of a control...

The first tree genome is published: Poplar holds promise as renewable bioenergy resource

...rdinarily rapid growth, and its relatively compact genome size of 480 million nucleotide units, 40 times smaller than the genome of pine, are among the many features that led researchers to target poplar as a model crop for biofu...

Comparing chimp, human DNA

...s. Then they compared those sequences to the human genome sequence, to find pieces of DNA that had undergone the most rapid change since the ancestors of chimps and humans diverged about five million years ago. They found 202 "highly accelerated regions" or HARs, which showed a high rate of evolution bet...

Scientists discover role for dueling RNAs

...egulation." Hongay is now searching the yeast genome for other genes that might be regulated by antisense RNA. ...

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