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Tag: "genes" at biology news

Effective Cancer Treatments Follow The Clock

... evidence that the activity of the Clock and Bmal1 genes determined the cells' sensitivity to CY. “Thus, this paper gives us specific mechanistic insight into the role of circadian rhythms in sensitivity to such drugs,?said Takahashi. “This is not some vague metabolic difference between day and night. Thi...

Multiple Campylobacter Genomes Sequenced

...ches of DNA. Some of these pieces of DNA may carry genes that improve bacterial virulence or fitness, so th...se strains. There are also major variations in the genes responsible for synthesis of molecules that are important for the interaction of Campylobacter with ...

Potential treatments for neurofibromatosis

...fibromin that controls cell division. If both NF 1 genes are defective, not enough neurofibromin is produced, cell division takes off and tumors develop. "It's like an engine being driven at full speed," said Dr. Clapp. To encourage development of the blood vessels they need, the tumors emit chemical sig...

Variation in women's X chromosomes may explain differences among individuals, between sexes

...hromosome, while females have a pair of X's. Many genes on the male Y chromosomes have been lost over evol...ore than 45 years ago, researchers discovered that genes on one copy of the female's X chromosome are switched off, a modification known as X inactivation. ...

Use of PET can reduce, may eliminate more strenuous drug development trials with animals

...logy and disease. Mice have nearly the same set of genes as humans, offering an opportunity to learn about the function of the many genes shared by both. This could lead to improved diagnosis of disorders such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson...

UCLA launches $20 million stem cell institute to investigate HIV, cancer and neurological disorders

...l therapeutic example includes inserting antiviral genes into blood-forming stem cells and reintroducing them into the body. As these blood cells develop, the gene protects the mature cell against HIV infection. The UCLA AIDS Institute already has completed a Phase I clinical trial using adult stem cells. ...

Gene Signatures Predict Interferon Response For Multiple Sclerosis Patients

...y increased with gene number. They also looked for genes that showed different expression patterns over the...ient response over time. These analyses identified genes that increased activity independently of clinical response (interferon can activate genes that have ...

Wisconsin researchers identify sleep gene

...to run in families. "We wanted to determine which genes underlie this phenomenon in order to shed light on...g with the Tononi team, revealed that their Shaker genes contained a single amino-acid mutation. Because of the mutation, a functional ion channel could not ...

Pulsating ultrasound enhances gene therapy for tumors

...sues permeable and helps target them for taking up genes and other therapeutic substances injected into the...uptake of drugs. Now we've shown that it works for genes and we're making the case that there's a connection between the two." Other methods currently being...

Fleshing out the genome

... and computational analyses to ascribe function to genes that had been termed "hypothetical" -- sequences t...tion and ranking them based on their similarity to genes known to encode proteins. Proteins are the workhorses of the cell, playing a role in everything from...

Viral protein influences key cell-signaling pathway

...p300 protein, in turn, controls a variety of other genes in many types of cells, including T lymphocytes, t... were surprised to see p300 show-up among the many genes affected by this viral protein." HTLV-1 infects an estimated 15 to 20 million people worldwide. In ...

Controlling protein diversity

...on in biology today is how human cells with 30,000 genes produce at least 120,000 proteins," said Dr. Bert O'Malley, chair of the BCM department of molecular and cellular biology. The answer is a process called alternative splicing in which certain information from a gene is left out or included, changing ...

Advances in the characterisation of the oyster mushroom genes

...ity for breaking down cellulose. Finding out which genes are responsible for this activity ?the reason why ...e title, Molecular Characterisation of a family of genes of cellobiohydrolases in the "Pleurotus ostreatus" fungus. Degradation of cellulose In nature, the...

Transgenic plants remove more selenium from polluted soil than wild plants, new tests show

...rchers took great care to minimize the transfer of genes through pollen. "Before we started the study, we took aerial surveys to ensure that no other mustard-related plant species were being grown in the vicinity," said Banuelos. He noted that every morning trained workers swept through the fields to lit...

Researchers discover chemical compounds that affect plant growth

...les to modify or disrupt the functions of specific genes or proteins. NASA supported the research. "This c..., which are often lethal when present in essential genes such as those that encode many cellular membrane components. Combined with the formidable genetic ma...

Scientists discover how plants disarm the toxic effects of excessive sunlight

...overed a pathway that cells use to turn on certain genes and respond to singlet oxygen," says Timothy Donohue, a professor of bacteriology in the university's College of Agricultural and Life Sciences and lead researcher on the paper. "This finding should make it possible to modify plants and other photos...

Gene Therapy Cures Inherited Liver Disease In Rats

...of other disease that occur because of the lack of genes in this area of the cell. The viral vector itself is important because it has no long term effect. It does not become part of the genetic machinery of the cell and poses no risk of causing cancer, said Lee. "This approach would be applicable to man...

Researchers identify protein crucial for survival of Lyme-disease bacterium

...ally, scientists studying pathogens have looked at genes that affect how the infecting organisms behave onc...cle in a tick," he said. "There must be subsets of genes important to its survival there. If it can't exist in ticks, it can't maintain itself in nature and ...

Multi-purpose protein regulates new protein synthesis and immune cell development

... with protein trafficking. And third, it activates genes involved in protein degradation to get rid of exce...ads to production of a new protein, which turns on genes in the UPR signaling pathway and directs cells to secrete large amounts of protein. The University o...

Light therapy may combat fungal infections, new evidence suggests

.... neoformans. The Duke team has now identified two genes responsible for that light response. Loss of the same genes also reduces fungal virulence in mice, they reported. Earlier studies had linked the genes to light...

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