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Tag: "genes" at biology news

Structure-building cell signals also may influence learning and memory

...n in certain cancers. By inserting chicken ephrin genes into rat cells, Fumitoshi Irie, Ph.D., Professor Yu Yamaguchi, M.D., Ph.D., and their colleagues found that when the ephrin subtype EphrinB activated its EphB receptor, a cascading chemical pathway was triggered that ultimately stimulated an enzyme c...

Molecular messengers perform a crucial role in the ability of injured nerve cells to heal themselves

...ell, transmitting a message that activates certain genes in the cell body, which then manufactures proteins that are vital for the healing of the injured axon. The problem is that the messengers must transmit their phosphorus message over a great distance along the axon, and in the course of this arduous j...

15-year hunt finds cause of pseudothalidomide syndrome

...nce online section of Nature Genetics, proves that genes behind very rare inherited diseases can now be fou...ernational team compared the human sequence of the genes to those from chimpanzee, mouse, rat, chicken and zebrafish, and to the gene sequences of the affect...

Characterizing Skin Cancer by Microarrays

...can metastasize. The authors identified over 2,000 genes that distinguished the stages of melanoma progression. The authors say that their results will provide a basis for developing new molecular diagnostic techniques and, eventually, targeted therapies for patients with skin cancer. PNAS is the multi-d...

Microarrays as phenotype

... method of quantifying the expression and order of genes in a particular genome -- acting as a surrogate me...data are good phenotypes to determine the order of genes and are a good surrogate measure of cell status," said Dr. Gad Shaulsky, associate professor of mole...

Researchers find gene that may be at root of potato blight

...pathogens contain a diverse set of such avirulence genes which, depending on the plant variety, can either ... introduced at least a dozen late blight-resistant genes into the cultivated potato. The researchers looked at one of these genes, R3a. Kamoun and his colle...

Gov't Creates Gene Database of Normal Human Tissues

...tissue from human organs. Scientists searching for genes that go awry and cause disease can use the NCI dat...cial point of reference because it pinpoints which genes are expressed in many of the body's major organs under normal conditions, without known disease. Sc...

Ancient immune defense mechanism is no match for HIV-1

...cially manipulated to selectively inhibit specific genes in mammalian cells, it was not known whether mammalian viruses naturally elicit this type of immunity in vertebrate cells. Drs. Yamina Bennasser and Kuan-Teh Jeang from the Molecular Virology Section at the National Institute of Allergy and Infectio...

Fox Chase study shows that weakened T-cell receptor signals change T-cell lineage

...ained Wiest. "Egr proteins regulate which cellular genes are turned on or off so we think that high-level e...ins instructs cells to express the set of cellular genes necessary to become a gamma-delta T cell." Understanding the development of critical components of ...

Where bacteria get their genes

...of genetic inheritance. The widespread exchange of genes does not blur the line of descent because the acquired genes get lost from the genome at a later point or, if they do persist, the bacteria then transmit them to...

NHGRI targets 12 more organisms for genome sequencing

...l will help scientists identify the minimum set of genes that create a nervous system or develop a jaw, possibly illustrating how these systems have evolved in humans, and how they sometimes go wrong. Aplysia (Aplysia californica) is a sea slug that has been a very useful model in studying learning and me...

Owl genomics presents a HEPATOCHIP for diagnosis of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis

...adrid). This chip analyses the co-expression of 85 genes that are related with NASH and is about to be vali... HEPATOCHIP method determines the co-expression of genes in the liver tissue sample, providing monitoring treatment regimens to check progression/regression ...

Chimp genome reveals a retroviral invasion

...to each lineage. PTERV1 contains three structural genes -- gag, pol, and env -- and regulatory sequences called long terminal repeats (LTRs). To further explore the evolutionary history of the retroviral elements, the authors compared the sequences of gag and pol, as well as the LTR sequences, for each in...

Analysis Of Human Genome To Predict The Development Of Illnesses

...s: firstly, it hierarchically classifies all known genes and proteins according to their molecular function...ules already known. The project also includes all genes and proteins ordered according to their behaviour in determined circumstances. To this end, it compa...

Scientists analyze chromosomes 2 and 4

...ing of the human genome and speed the discovery of genes related to human health and disease. In addition, ...is confirmed the existence of 1,346 protein-coding genes on chromosome 2 and 796 protein-coding genes on chromosome 4. As part of their examination of chrom...

At the molecular level, the predator is the prey

...rm their basic, everyday functions. Sodium channel genes in different vertebrates are virtually identical t...ppens one of two ways, either by altering existing genes or by changing patterns and amounts of expression. The current Nature report shows that snakes' abil...

Chemical Engineer Kao Explores Antibiotic Synthesis With DNA Chips

... The answer, it seems, lies not in the cluster of genes known to produce the antibiotic, but in a mutation...se pairing to track the expression of thousands of genes simultaneously. The technique has tremendous potential for the study of biological processes where n...

While on trail of dioxin, scientists pinpoint cancer target of green tea

...eptor, which frequently plays a role in turning on genes that are oftentimes harmful. Two years ago the team discovered that AH activity is inhibited by a chemical found in white and green teas, epigallocatechingallate or EGCG, a cousin of flavonoids found in broccoli, cabbage, grapes and red wine that ar...

Scientists identify genes responsible for 'black rot' disease in vegetables

...) have focused their efforts on characterizing the genes responsible for Xcc pathogenicity. In their study ...gators describe the identification of 75 different genes responsible for Xcc virulence. These genes appear to belong to 13 different functional categories or...

DOE JGI launches IMG public online microbial genome data clearinghouse

...n identifying potential functions for hypothetical genes that we find upregulated in Caulobacter crescentus strains exposed to heavy metals. Examining the neighborhood around a gene of unknown function in multiple species selected from the organism browser may yield clues of what its role might be in your ...

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