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Tag: "genes" at biology news

Man and mouse share genome structures

...archers have mapped a family of switches that turn genes on and off. Their findings may help scientists und...from neurons. They are different because different genes are on." Many scientists believe changes in the regulatory scaffolding surrounding the genome may b...

Molecular biology fills gaps in knowledge of bat evolution

...uencing, analyzed data from portions of 17 nuclear genes from representatives of all bat families. Their results support the hypothesis that the group of large fruit-eating bats from the tropics, that fly mostly during the day - known to biologists as megabats - emerged from four major lineages of smaller...

Scientists ID molecular 'switch' in liver that triggers harmful effects of saturated and trans fats

...proteins that interact with other proteins to turn genes on and off and adjust their activity, like a dimme...important parts of the mechanism activate many key genes of lipid biosynthesis involving the pathways of cholesterol and triglycerides; these genes directed ...

A new mechanism of regulating RNA degradation

...shown that many of the tools cells use to regulate genes work after transcription, by moderating the activity and the life span of the RNA itself. One major pathway for such post-transcriptional regulation is called nonsense-mediated decay (NMD). Originally NMD was thought to destroy incorrectly transcrib...

FDA Approves Human Hookworm Vaccine for Phase I Safety Trials

...shown that many of the tools cells use to regulate genes work after transcription, by moderating the activity and the life span of the RNA itself. One major pathway for such post-transcriptional regulation is called nonsense-mediated decay (NMD). Originally NMD was thought to destroy incorrectly transcrib...

Genes In The Interferon System Important In Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

Two genes with very strong associations withthe disease syst...kable that by studying only eleven of the some 200 genes thatare seen as belonging to the interferon system, we were able toidentify two genes with such clea...

W.M. Keck Foundation funds study of friendly microbes

... the Human Genome Project missed 99 percent of the genes in the adult body. That's because it didn't sequence genes belonging to the vast communities of bacteria that normally live on and in us. Now a $1.45 million ...

Genome of deadly amoeba shows surprising complexity, evidence of lateral gene transfer

...udes an unexpectedly complex repertoire of sensory genes as well as a variety of bacterial-like genes that contribute to the organism's unique biology. The report, which appears in the February 24 issu...

Newly-discovered class of genes determines ?and restricts ?stem cell fate

...iversity of Pennsylvania School of Medicine. These genes ?dubbed pangenes ?can both govern a stem cell's fa...ight. Understanding the molecular control of these genes has implications for therapies that involve tissue regeneration. The researchers found that Pax3, a...

Plants, animals share molecular growth mechanisms

...otect themselves from insects and disease. "These genes and their proteins are required for normal develop...ze of these hairs, or trichomes, readily show when genes affecting actin filaments are askew and causing altered growth. The researchers previously had lear...

Plants respond similarly to signals from friends, enemies

...that receive signals from other organisms ?certain genes in the plant were modified to accomplish this ?the...ears that the nematodes may have actually acquired genes from rhizobia to exploit this signal pathway," Bird says. ### The research was funded by the Natio...

Study Demonstrates Gene Expression Microarrays are Comparable and Reproducible

...rate laboratories analyzed geneexpression (whether genes are turned on or off) for the same set ofhuman tum... numerous applications,including identifying novel genes associated with certain cancers,classifying tumors, and predicting patient outcome. So far, though,m...

Inexpensive, mass-produced genes core of synthetic biology advances at UH

...xpensively program the chemicalsynthesis of entire genes on a single microchip.Xiaolian Gao, a professor in...Her recent findings onhow to mass produce multiple genes on a single chip are described in apaper titled “Accurate multiplex gene synthesis from programmable...

New Technique for Tracking Gene Regulators

...-regulator proteinsbind to DNA and identifying the genes they regulate just got a stepeasier thanks to a ne... role these proteinsplay in turning on and off the genes that establish the very identityof cells ?be they brain cells, liver, or blood ?as well as what migh...

Whole genome fine map of rice completed

...rches of 19079 full length cDNA, 97.7% of complete genes were found in the two genomes. After adjusting for...errors of predictions with EST data, the number of genes is estimated to be between 30,000 to 40,000. Among them, only 2-3% genes are unique to any one of th...

Research on Worms Yields Clues on Aging

...convulsants increased longevity.The worms' mutated genes affect the function of sensory neurons thatregulate the release of an insulin-like hormone. "Sensory inputs fromthe outside regulate the level of insulin signaling inside the body,which then in turn regulates longevity in the worms," Kornfeld says.Te...

Genome-wide mouse study yields link to human leukemia

...adds methyl molecules to DNA, silenced a number of genes ?but only in the mice with full-blown ALL. Furthe...Id4, as a tumor suppressor gene. Tumor suppressor genes help control cancer by identifying and getting rid of defective cells before they have a chance to m...

Breakthrough Microarray-based Technology for the Study of Cancer

...etection of alterations at the scale of individual genes andeven introns and exons. This advancement, along with the possibility itprovides to correlate genomic copy alterations with mRNA abundance andprotein abundance, is going to incite a huge body of experimentationand publication among the cancer resea...

Iron Deficiency Sparks Dramatic Changes In Gene Expression

...strated that theactivity of more than 80 different genes was dramatically reduced inresponse to iron deprivation. The function of many of these genes isunknown, meaning that side effects from iron deprivation may gounattributed to their root cause. O...

Learning to fight an adversary that won't stay down

...ve made it possible to identify and study the many genes responsible for antibiotic resistance in hospitals...found is that there are more antibiotic resistance genes around than we ever realized," says Dr. Davies. "There are more than 300 genes now known that confer...

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