Tag: "general" at biology news

Chemists create 'Superbowl' molecule; May lead to better health

...as an open top, much like an open-air stadium. Its general molecular formula is C268H320O52. The tiny molecules can be modified to include other functional groups that give it additional properties, Sherburn says. For instance, one highly active version of the superbowl molecule goes by the name tetrabromo-...

It's not all genetic: Common epigenetic problem doubles cancer risk in mice

...ent of colon cancer patients and 10 percent of the general population -- the extra IGF2 stems not from a genetic problem, or mutation, but an "epigenetic" problem that improperly turns on the copy of the IGF2 gene that should remain off. Unlike most genes, the copy of IGF2 that should be silent depends only...

New, automated tool successfully classifies and relates proteins in unprecedented way

...further.They are also working on ways to "train" a general system that willwork for different cell types....

Current human embryonic stem cell lines contaminated UCSD/Salk team finds

...emcell lines."With this discovery, the preexisting general concern about usinganimal products for deriving human embryonic stem cells has become morespecific, being defined in molecular terms," Varki said."Such issues will, of course, become irrelevant if complete eliminationof Neu5Gc can be achieved by deri...

Newly-discovered class of genes determines ?and restricts ?stem cell fate

...factors to have this dual role may represent a new general paradigm for developmental and stem-cell biology. "My idea is that this is a new family of genes--they can both determine the cell type, but also put the breaks on differentiation," says Epstein. "We have named them pangenes, after the Greek god Pan ...

Ancient olfaction protein is shared by many bugs, offering new pest control target

...found in almost all olfactory neurons and serves a general function in detecting odors. When the gene for Or83b is deleted, the flies can't smell. In the new study, Vosshall, in collaboration with researchers from Sentigen Biosciences, showed that the function of Or83b is preserved in different insects. Alt...

Emory Eye Center Implants Its First Retinal Chips In Patients With Retinitis Pigmentosa

...ressive retinal degeneration in both eyes. It is a general term for a number of diseases that predominantly affect the photoreceptor layer or "light sensing" cells of the retina. Night blindness develops, usually in childhood, followed by loss of peripheral visual field, progressing over many years to tunnel...

Mitochondrial DNA mutations play significant role in prostate cancer

.... In a controlsample of 1,019 individuals from the general population, 7.8 percenthad mutations in the COI ge...centof the no-cancer group and in 6.5 percent in a general populationsample of 898 Europeans.To determine whether mtDNA mutations are causally related to prost...

An HIV Protein Plays a Surprising Role in Gene Activation

...-coding genes. RNA polymerases join with so-called general transcription factors to form a pre-initiation complex (PIC) on the gene's promoter, where it binds to region rich in thymine (T) and adenine (A) named the TATA box. The first transcription factor to associate with the TATA box is called TFIID, a lar...

Scientists discover the cellular roots of graying hair

...t the same pattern occurred.Since cell survival in general is influenced by an “anti-death?genecalled Bcl2, Fisher’s team analyzed mice lacking this gene. In adramatic fashion, the mice lost their melanocyte stem cells shortlyafter birth and quickly went gray. It may be that people who grayprematurely have m...

Fundamental Finding Yields Insight into Stem Cells, Cancer; Opens Door to Drug Discovery

...t the same pattern occurred.Since cell survival in general is influenced by an “anti-death?genecalled Bcl2, Fisher’s team analyzed mice lacking this gene. In adramatic fashion, the mice lost their melanocyte stem cells shortlyafter birth and quickly went gray. It may be that people who grayprematurely have m...

Weizmann Institute scientists develop a new approach for directing treatment to metastasized prostate cancer in the bones.

...t the same pattern occurred.Since cell survival in general is influenced by an “anti-death?genecalled Bcl2, Fisher’s team analyzed mice lacking this gene. In adramatic fashion, the mice lost their melanocyte stem cells shortlyafter birth and quickly went gray. It may be that people who grayprematurely have m...

ASU researchers finds novel chemistry at work to provide parrot's vibrant red colors

...cies ?at least in colors visible to us. Parrots in general may not be using color in the classic cases of mate choice or competitive ability," he said. "Exactly why they are so uniformly colored remains an interesting mystery to us ?one we want to investigate." "There is a sea of colors in birds," he added....

Transport System Smuggles Medicines Into Brain

...cies ?at least in colors visible to us. Parrots in general may not be using color in the classic cases of mate choice or competitive ability," he said. "Exactly why they are so uniformly colored remains an interesting mystery to us ?one we want to investigate." "There is a sea of colors in birds," he added....

Open microfluidic and nanofluidic systems

... have shown that such open systems are possible in general but only if the geometry of the surface channels is carefully matched with their wettability (PNAS 102, 1848-1852 (2005). Many research groups around the world work towards the construction of "labs-on-a-chip" in order to integrate chemical and bioc...

The Shapes Of Life: NIGMS Project Yields More Than 1,000 Protein Structures

...been refined and are now marketed by companies for general structural biology applications. As the PSI pilot centers have put automated structure determination pipelines in place, the number of protein structures they have solved has increased significantly. In the second, third, and fourth years of the pil...

Novel ultrafast laser detection of cancer cells also may improve understanding of stem cells

... identifying cancer cells is it's a very rapid and general method that potentially can be applied to cancer cells from solid tumors as well as hematological malignancies like leukemia." Naviaux looks forward to examining a wider population of cancer cells to validate the method, combining the resources of h...

Boosting HIV screening can increase survival and is cost effective

...ings with HIV infection levels similar to the U.S. general population, one-time screening could deliver excellent return on investment. "HIV is a severe disease that, left untreated, produces substantial morbidity and mortality," said Paltiel. "It has a long asymptomatic phase, which can be diagnosed using ...

Vampire bats keep out of trouble by running

...eem to do everything a little differently from the general bat rule," Riskin says about what he refers to as the "cute, adorable, big-eyed and family-oriented" vampire bats. Not only are vampire bats unusual because they run, but also in the way that they power their gait. "Unlike most animals which use the...

Multiple Campylobacter Genomes Sequenced

...ith many cases going unreported, up to 0.5% of the general population may unknowingly harbor Campylobacter in their gut annually. Diarrhea, cramps, abdominal pain, and fever develop within 2? days of picking up a pathogenic Campylobacter species, and in most people, the illness lasts for 7?0 days. But the in...

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