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Tag: "fundamental" at biology news

Gambling monkeys give insight into neural machinery of risk

...ogical studies that allow us to understand how the fundamental processing units of the brain -- single nerve cells -- actually process information about reward and risk and uncertainty; and how that information might contribute to the actual decision process that results in the monkey's choice," said Platt. What...

New research could help us deliver genes for new bone formation

...m being available to patients it is important that fundamental research is carried out so we can develop the knowledge that can lead to clinical applications." ...

Fundamental discovery -- Bone fracture

...years ago. "It's truly remarkable to find the same fundamental mechanisms operating in bone," said Morse. He not...iet, or drug therapy. He said the group has made a fundamental discovery of something that's important for bone fracture resistance that was previously unknown. No...

Secrets of the deep may hold key to life on other planets

...loor fossilisation experiments to investigate this fundamental process. "We've already found a number of fossils, but don't know how they came to be there," said Dr Little. "Until we know more it's very difficult to interpret the fossil record we already have." Pieces of hydrothermal animals have already been p...

Structures of marine toxins provide insight into their effectiveness as cancer drugs

...stdoctoral fellow, on the study. "We're adding to fundamental understanding which will be taken up by others to simplify chemical synthesis of what could potentially be powerful cancer treatments." The toxins, which are produced naturally by organisms that exist symbiotically on deep-sea sponges, work by disru...

3D Atlas Will Help Navigate The Spinal Cord

...this shortcoming. The results will provide (a) the fundamental structural map of the rat spinal cord, (b) make relevant comparisons with the human spinal cord and demonstrate the anatomical principles or generalizations of its organization, and (c) provide the 3D stereotaxic space designed to become the knowledg...

Rensselaer researchers develop approach that predicts protein separation behavior

...aid Breneman. "The outcome of this work will yield fundamental information about the complex relationship between a protein's structural features and its chemical binding properties, and also aid in evaluating its potential biomedical applications." The research findings are reported in the Aug. 16 issue of P...

MERIS monitoring tracks planetary photosynthesis levels

... or 'productivity'. FAPAR has been recognised as a fundamental surface parameter by international organisations including the Global Climate Observing System (GCOS), charged with providing data on the Earth's climate system. Vegetation plays a critical role on Earth as all animals and humans ultimately depend ...

Hunt for human genes involved in cell division under way

... involved in cell division (mitosis) and to answer fundamental questions of how cell division is regulated. The scientists will use a method called 'RNA interference (RNAi)' where chemically synthesized RNA molecules are used to target and silence each human gene. About 22,000 genes will be suppressed and their...

Unweaving amyloid fibers to solve prion puzzles

...ime jumping species. "These findings give us some fundamental insights in how amyloid fibers form," says Whitehead Member Susan Lindquist, lead scientist in the research team whose results will be published in the June 9 issue of the journal Nature. "They solve the important problem of identifying the intermole...

Ants, not evil spirits, create devil's gardens in the Amazon rainforest, study finds

...al sciences at Stanford. "The system harnesses two fundamental tools:formic acid, which many ant species use for other purposes, and the basic circulatory system of all vascular plants," she says. A census of the rainforest from 2002 to 2004 revealed that devil's gardens grew by 0.7 percent per year. "Using thi...

Gene loss accelerates aging

...umans. Therefore, the p63 gene is likely to play a fundamental biological role in aging-related processes. "To study how the p63 gene works, we devised a system for eliminating it from adult mouse tissues. What struck us right away was that these p63 deficient mice were aging prematurely," says Alea Mills of Co...

Protein structure key for AIDS, cell function

...rgy Synchrotron Source (CHESS). "So this is a very fundamental question for biologists." It turns out that CD38 helps produce at least two calcium messenger molecules, each of which then opens channels for the release of calcium from specific stores, or reservoirs, within cell organelles. High intensity X-ray...

Mosquito study shows new, faster way West Nile can spread

...Nile virus to each other. The new study challenges fundamental assumptions about the virus' transmission cycle and may help explain why it spread so rapidly across North America despite experts' predictions that it would progress more slowly or even die out. In the conventional understanding of West Nile transm...

NYU chemists use computer simulation to enhance understanding of DNA transcription

...he interplay between chromatin structures regulate fundamental gene expression. However, the molecular mechanism underlying this process remains unclear. The research team, which included NYU chemists Tamar Schlick, Jian Sun (now at the Cornell Medical School), and Qing Zhang, analyzed a 12-nucleosome array. Us...

Evolution of life on Earth may hold key to finding life in outer space

...h and how ribosomes actually work, which remains a fundamental problem in biochemistry." One of only a small number of groups in the nation working on the history and evolution of the core ribosomal machinery, Fox and his team of scientists focus on comparing the sequences and 3-D shapes of biological molecules...

Identical twins may have more differences than meet the eye

Identical twins lose some fundamental similarities as they grow older, a new study reports. They may start to look and act less alike. The changes could leave one twin susceptible to diseases like cancer, while the other twin remains healthy. Researchers report in this week's Proceedin...

Scientists find evidence of catastrophic sand avalanches, sea level changes in Gulf of Mexico

Identical twins lose some fundamental similarities as they grow older, a new study reports. They may start to look and act less alike. The changes could leave one twin susceptible to diseases like cancer, while the other twin remains healthy. Researchers report in this week's Proceedin...

New law for resolution allows unprecedented sharpness in fluorescence microscopy

...meter of the effective fluorescence focus also has fundamental implications for methods that use fluorescence fluctuations to study the reaction kinetics of molecules in solutions. The smaller the focal volumes, the more effective and sensitive are these methods. Fluorescence fluctuation methods were also limite...

Virus uses tiny RNA to evade the immune system

...regulatory mechanism, "it became clear that such a fundamental pathway could of course be pirated by a virus," said postdoctoral fellow Adam Grundhoff, co-first author of the paper. Thomas Tuschl, a newly selected HHMI investigator at The Rockefeller University, had already reported the existence of several mic...

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