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Tag: "functions" at biology news

Life-extending protein keeps blood sugar in check

...e new insight into the physiological and molecular functions of Sirt1 in glucose metabolism and suggest therapeutic interventions for the prevention and treatment of diabetes and other age-associated metabolic disorders." ...

Newly Discovered Role for Heart Response Enzyme May Yield Better Heart Failure Therapy

... maintaining cell structure. In both cases, PI(3)K functions by attaching a phosphate group to the molecule to be activated, a process called phosphorylation. By preventing activation of tropomyosin by PI(3)K in cells, the researchers prevented heart receptors from leaving the cell surface, thereby blocking t...

Sea Ice May Be on Increase in the Antarctic

...e new insight into the physiological and molecular functions of Sirt1 in glucose metabolism and suggest therapeutic interventions for the prevention and treatment of diabetes and other age-associated metabolic disorders." ...

Flies on speed offer insight into the roles of dopamine in sleep and arousal

... humans and other animals, and many of these brain functions involve the modulation of neuronal activity and the ability to assign proper saliency (or relevance) to sensory stimuli. ...

Weight control protein may yield antiobesity drugs

..., the researchers said. SH2-B, which has multiple functions in cells throughout the body, keeps the brain sensitive to the fat hormone leptin, found researchers from the University of Michigan Medical School. Produced by fat tissue, the leptin hormone sends signals to the brain about the body's fat content. T...

Protein structure key for AIDS, cell function

...e also opens the door to understanding CD38's many functions related to key biological processes about which researchers know very little. "For example, the mechanism of how a cell mediates calcium release is largely unknown," said the paper's senior author, Quan Hao, director of the Macromolecular Diffracti...

Genomatix, AAAS ink agreement

...online journal, known as Science's STKE, that also functions as an electronic resource enabling scientists, researchers, students and educators to find, organize, and use information relevant to cell regulation processes. Leading authorities enter their knowledge about cell signaling into the Connections Maps ...

Researchers Create DNA-Based Sensors for Nano-Tongues and Nano-Noses

...es as the 'detector,' and a carbon nanotube, which functions as 'transmitter,'" said A. T. Charlie Johnson, associate professor in Penn's Department of Physics and Astronomy. "Put the two together and they become an extremely versatile type of sensor, capable of finding tiny amounts of a specific molecule." G...

Computer modeling reveals hidden conversations within cells

... drugs that interfere with one of the pathological functions of the proteins, but leave the healthy functions intact. For example, many current cancer drugs dramatically reduce immune function. Computer model...

New technique could alter field of mouse genetics

...ate genes in the mouse genome so we understand the functions of these genes." With a large inventory of genome sequences in hand, over the last few years many scientists have shifted their attention to determining the function of all of those genes. The strategy is as systematic as the genome sequencing proje...

Virus uses tiny RNA to evade the immune system

...RNAs encoded by Epstein-Barr virus, although their functions were unknown. Grundhoff and co-first author Christ...nutive size would make it easier to understand the functions of any microRNAs they found. SV40 is a relatively harmless monkey virus that can cause kidney infec...

miRNAs and musculature

...active." Their work adds to the emerging range of functions that miRNAs perform in an organism and advocates the study of loss-of-function mutations in miRNA genes as an essential tool for identifying the biological roles of miRNAs. ...

Fish and chips: A fast track to understanding blood development

...ed a rapid way to identify genes that regulate the functions of stem cells that give rise to blood cells. They first developed a list of 277 genes that may regulate stem cells that make blood. They then focused on a group of 61 of these genes that had unknown roles in the function of blood stem cells. Using z...

Brain networks change according to cognitive task

...screte brain regions were associated with specific functions of language and memory. By the end of the 20th century, a "connectionist" view stressing the importance of interconnected networks became the consensus. The research presented in the Journal of Neuroscience effectively sets the stage for further dev...

Rutgers to lead $52.7 million protein research program

...y of the proteins coded by the genome have unknown functions and unknown structure. For the past five years, M...ven us new insights and allowed us to discover the functions of proteins that weren't recognized before," said Montelione, a professor of molecular biology and b...

Immune system has evolved to prevent autoimmune disease

...dies. Generating antibodies is one of the primary functions of the immune system. Antibodies are protein molecules that are made by B cells. Each antibody has a chemical signature that allows it to bind only with a particular sequence of amino acids. "In our study, we first sought to understand the evolution...

UNC scientists discover new role for protein as fundamental inhibitor of cell movement

...ration belongs to the most rudimentary of cellular functions that allow processes such as fetal development, new blood vessel formation and wound healing to occur in humans. Increased tumor cell migration also is one of the hallmarks of highly aggressive, rapidly spreading cancer tumors. The study appears in ...

A 'dimmer switch' for genes

...ode that produces proteins to carry out almost all functions in a living organism. But some of these proteins also help control when and where genes do their jobs. The new study deals with how one such protein, named Ets-1, turns genes on or off. Huntsman Cancer Institute scientists, led by Barbara Graves, Ph...

What Makes The Brain Tick, Tick, Tick: Researchers Gaining New Insights Into Brain's Internal Clock

...and the millisecond clock that is crucial for such functions as motor control and speech generation and recogni...own as the basal ganglia, which control basic body functions such as movement. In this model, explained Buhusi, "each structure in the brain contributes its own...

US/African project deciphers deadly parasite genome

...identification of genes and the assignment of gene functions ?with scientists at ILRI. Much of the annotation of the T. parva genome was performed by two bioinformatics specialists at ILRI. "ILRI's involvement in the genome project supported the establishment of its bioinformatics unit," says Richard Bishop, ...

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