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Tag: "function" at biology news

Potent possibilities for parasite attack

...nother surprising finding: the team could assign a function to only one-third of the 200 genes restricted to o...eed for new treatments. Biological studies for the function of 50% of Leishmania genes are lacking, so this comparative genome study provides a route to find th...

Mutating the entire genome

... used to study human disease, “we want to know the function of every piece of DNA in the mouse genome,” says S...ersity of Utah and HHMI. “The best way to know the function of the genetic blueprint is by removing part of the DNA and seeing what goes wrong. We have found a ...

Researchers demonstrate way to control tree height

...of evolution and can perform more or less the same function in poplar trees,” Strauss said. “The modified trees themselves look pretty much normal, just a lot smaller, and a little more compact or bushy.” Altogether, the researchers used seven distinct kinds of genes and more than 160 different types of ge...

Weizmann Institute scientists develop a general 'control switch' for protein activity

... cause disease, the study of protein structure and function can lead to the development of drugs and treatment... efforts led by scientists worldwide, the cellular function of numerous proteins is still unknown. To reveal this function, scientists perform various genetic m...

Endosome-mediated signaling in plants

...Institute and HHMI) demonstrate that endosomes can function as signaling platforms in plants, as well as in an...r. Niko Geldner. Endosomes were once thought to function solely in the inactivation of receptors and the down-regulation of cell signaling. Work in animal ce...

Researchers identify protein pathway involved in Parkinson disease development

...ew findings show how the mutations affect cellular function and could provide a target for drug therapies to t...ve stress and promotes cell survival by regulating function of the protein TRAP1. When PINK1 is mutated, however, the protective TRAP1 pathway is disrupted, lea...

Prey not hard-wired to fear predators

...ll be left to maintain the larger goals of natural function and balance, according to Dr. Berger. Notes on the Study The study compared the behaviors of four species of prey animals in three different prey situations: Locations were native predators still exist. (Eastern Siberia, Boreal Can...

Surprising origin of cell's internal highways

...heir origins." The Golgi has been suspected to function as an MTOC, explained Kaverina. However, conclusively demonstrating this was impossible before the advent of live-cell imaging techniques that could reveal the true origins of these structures. "The Golgi apparatus is very close to the centrosome...

Researchers develop buckyballs to fight allergy

A research team has identified a new biological function for a soccer ball-shaped nanoparticle called a buckyball – the ability to block allergic response, setting the stage for the development of new therapies for allergy. Allergic disease is the sixth leading cause of chronic disease in the United State...

Turn-ons and turn-offs for neurons

...d “off” is of utmost importance when studying gene function in the adult nervous system. In the early 1990s, scientists described a tetracycline-controlled gene expression systems (Tet systems), which allow the regulation of gene expression by externally applied substances. The Tet-regulated gene expression c...

Gene therapy study shows safety and statistically significant improvement in Parkinson's disease

...the PET results offer an important window into the function of the living brain in these patients, which supports a normalization of brain activity specific to the treated hemisphere.” The study used an adeno-associated virus (AAV) vector to deliver an inhibitory gene (glutamic acid decarboxylase or “GAD”)...

New vaccine prevents CMV infection and disease in mice

...e the same or very similar sequence, structure and function whether in human or mouse viruses, and present a novel target for the host’s T-cells to muster forces and attack the virus. Secondly, the vaccine also contains a “boost” from an inactivated virus, which generates an antibody response. Neither approa...

'Nurse cells' make life and death decisions for infection-fighting cells

...ncy and increased susceptibility to infection. The function of T cells produced by the thymus is to recognize ... in most vertebrates, with a similar structure and function as the human thymus. Animal thymic tissue sold in butcher shops or at meat counters is known as swee...

New research shows sharks use their noses and bodies to locate smells

...tomycin, an antibiotic, interferes with the normal function of motion sensitive "hair cells," the receptor cells of the lateral line. At high doses it has been known to cause hearing and equilibrium problems in humans, senses that are also based on hair cells. Sharks with their lateral lines intact demons...

First confirmed common genetic risk factors for breast cancer

... must occur between cells in order for the body to function normally. Previous investigations have identified about a dozen genetic mutations associated with breast cancer susceptibility. Normal versions of these genes help prevent cancer from occurring in the first place, by helping cells to repair DNA b...

'Virtual Patient' to simulate real-time organ motions for radiation therapy

...doctors must consider such issues as the breathing function and air volume change that are affected by several physiological factors over the course of the radiation treatment." Real-time simulations could allow doctors to spot the small fractions of time when the lungs, liver, kidneys, and eventually the ...

Human stem cell treatment restores motor function in paralyzed rats

...ow to the spine returned to near normal ambulatory function six weeks after receiving grafts of human spinal s...hat contained no stem cells. The recovery of motor function was evaluated in seven-day intervals, showing a progressive recovery of ambulatory functions in the ...

Mice with a migraine show signs of brain damage

...out of balance, taking away the brain’s ability to function efficiently. This change in the proportion of chemicals gradually sweeps across the brain like a slowly spreading wave. The brain, in turn, is under tremendous stress, developing a voracious appetite for oxygen as it works frantically to restore t...

Salk scientists hammer out a pathway that promotes muscle cell survival in mice

...maintain healthy muscle and restores normal muscle function in genetically engineered mice with weak muscles. ...metabolic tissues like the liver and pancreas, its function in muscle tissue was unknown. Then, the researchers noticed that mice lacking CREB activity in their...

Hearts of male and female rainbow trout are different

...emanding organs of the human body. Its failure to function properly accounts for 600,000 deaths each year. Si... food fish, requires dynamic and sustained cardiac function to maintain its health and swimming activity. Previous studies of trout cardiac performance and e...

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