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Tag: "function" at biology news

Carnegie Mellon scientists find key HIV protein makes cell membranes bend more easily

...ggests that FP-23 plays another, equally important function — reducing the free energy of curved fusion intermediates. These fleeting shapes arise and disappear as HIV enters a T cell. Normally, a cell membrane resists bending. Scientists can quantify the energy needed to overcome this resistance. The Carneg...

One species, many genomes

... so defective that it could not fulfill its normal function anymore! Results such as these raise fundamental questions. For one, they qualify the value of the model genomes sequenced so far. "There isn’t such a thing as the genome of a species," says Weigel. He adds "The insight that the DNA sequence of a...

Nicotine rush hinges on sugar in neurons

...ins that share its structure but not its signaling function – are entirely hydrophobic, Chen said, supporting the theory that the buried water molecule plays a functional role. Chen called the group’s Nature Neuroscience study “one of the few times that you felt that you connected the dots.” The study als...

Cells re-energize to come back from the brink of death

...o restore enough mitochondria to allow the cell to function normally.” The discovery that GAPDH appears to save cells from CICD suggests that blocking this enzyme would kill abnormal cells that lack caspase activation and cannot undergo apoptosis. That strategy would be the basis of novel anti-cancer dru...

Liver cancer patients with high serum levels of hepatitis B virus face poorer outcomes

...esearchers monitored blood counts, renal and liver function and clinical signs and symptoms. They then performed statistical analysis to assess which factors might have influenced patient outcomes. The median survival of all patients was 6.83 months. Patients with high pre-treatment HBV DNA had a significa...

Gene therapy delivery of nerve growth factors reverses erectile dysfunction in animal model

...wo nerve growth factors were able to regain normal function after four weeks, according to a study conducted by University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine researchers. These findings are being presented at the 10th annual meeting of the American Society of Gene Therapy, which is convening May 30 to June 3 at...

Modeling the restless brain

...e knows why these fluctuations occur or what their function might be. Sporns and Honey suggest that a closer look at brain structure might provide a new perspective. Despite the huge amount of work being done by neuroscientists, relatively little is known about how the human brain is structured -- how...

Snoring in children might be an allergic type disease

..., body mass index at age 4.5 years and respiratory function whilst awake were found to be unrelated. The study cohort was drawn from participants in the Australian Childhood Asthma Prevention Study (CAPS) – a randomised controlled trial of dietary intervention and house dust mite avoidance during the first...

Research team identifies new Alzheimer's gene

...dings, the researchers hypothesize that GAB2 might function under normal conditions to compensate for the harmful effects of APOE4 and other genes in older people and that the GAB2 risk gene lacks this protective effect. The study, funded by Kronos Science Laboratory, an affiliate of Phoenix-based Kronos ...

Largest synthetic gene ever built offers insights into anti-malarial drug resistance

...ces large quantities of the encoded protein, whose function can now be easily studied. In research published in the May 22 issue of the journal Biochemistry, the researchers say that with the addition of the recreated gene, PfMDR1 and its protein, they have all the biomolecular tools necessary to molecularly...

In mice, drug protects against diabetes and atherosclerosis

... protein's ability to bind with fatty acids -- the function that leads to inflammatory and metabolic havoc when a high-fat or high-cholesterol diet is consumed. The drug appears to have no effect on lean animals eating a normal diet, the scientists said, suggesting that blocking aP2 may not be harmful in peop...

Newly found sensing system enables certain bacteria to resist human immune defenses

... regulation region; and apsX, which has an unknown function that Dr. Otto’s group is investigating. Studies sh...omponents of aps must be present for the system to function and effectively protect bacteria from AMPs. “We are aware that for gram-negative bacteria, PhoP/P...

Dual-imaging technique useful before -- and during -- brain surgery

...tography” data to outline important areas of brain function and their connections prior to surgery—and then tr... “That doesn’t necessarily mean that there’s no function there—it may just be that functional MRI is not sensitive enough to detect it,” says Leach....

Stroke study sheds light on left-right brain divide

... Dr Hodgson added. ‘This type of “self-monitoring” function may play a crucial role in many day to day situations. For example, when preparing a meal we often have to keep track of several tasks at once and make sure we perform each one correctly and at the right time.’...

'Lucky 13' as new gene discovery offers further hope for childhood blindness

...ch detects light and sends signals to the brain, a function requiring a large amount of energy. "LCA is usually a disease where protein function has been lost completely, but carriers of just one copy of the mutation, who will almost certainly h...

Researchers shed light on shrinking of chromosomes

...logy they report crucial new insights into timing, function and molecular basis of chromosome condensation. What happens when chromosomes are not correctly separated and distributed during cell division we know very well; two daughter cells with either broken chromosomes or different numbers of chromosomes r...

Undergraduate research shows leaderless honeybee organizing

... – living in these highly organized societies that function with remarkable efficiency -- but they are organized so differently when you start digging into them,” Schneider said. “It’s interesting that these major differences can result in the same emergent social properties. It may tell us something about ...

Researchers reveal structure of protein altered in autism

...nd colleagues have been studying the structure and function of acetylcholinesterase – a structurally related protein that mediates neurotransmission between nerves and between nerve and muscle – for the past 30 years. They began studying the neuroligins because of the similarity in structure and amino acid se...

New findings challenge established views on human genome

...most of the DNA sequences important for biological function would be in areas of the genome most subject to evolutionary constraint – that is, most likely to be conserved as species evolve. However, the ENCODE effort found about half of functional elements in the human genome do not appear to have been obviou...

Research finds that circadian rhythms dominate all life functions

...arch from Colorado State University shows that the function of all genes in mammals is based on circadian -- o...of all genes in the organism as opposed to special function of some genes as previously believed. Knowing about oscillation properties of genes involved in met...

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