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Tag: "fragment" at biology news

New DNA 'fingerprinting' technique separates hemp from marijuana

...ersity, Sacramento, found that the AFLP (amplified fragment length polymorphism) technique generated hundreds ...ry according to the cultivar. Thus, the pattern of fragment lengths adds up to a composite picture of each cultivar. "With this technique, we find hundreds of ...

New RNAi tools enable systematic studies of gene function

...NA molecules, each of which is tailored to match a fragment of a gene's unique DNA. This RNA can then bind to its gene target, rendering it inactive. In order to get the small RNAs into cells, TRC scientists packaged them in lentiviruses. "Across the spectrum of biomedicine, there is a need for tools that can...

Genetic key to growth of new arteries is identified

... only in the strain of mice with the specific gene fragment that turns on in response to arterial blockage. In this way, the researchers identified and described previously unknown areas of the MMP2 gene, plus other molecules that activate those areas, that are essential to expression of the gene in respons...

Argonne researchers confirm lead in Beethoven's illness

...t X-rays in the Western Hemisphere. A control bone fragment sample from the same historic period was also exam...ector of the Beethoven Research Project. The bone fragment is the property of Paul Kaufman, a California businessman who inherited the relics through other fam...

New vaccine platform may fight infections with causes from influenza to bioterrorism

...ction of antibodies, and importantly, the specific fragment of pneumocystis that receptors on these antibodies...eir bounty, which they do by displaying an antigen fragment on their cell surface. Antibodies see this antigen fragment as a mug shot of sorts, and when they re...

Plant wounds trigger bacteria

...f the bacterium to cause tumors, which grow when a fragment of the plasmid DNA invades the plant's own DNA. Crown gall tumors mostly strike the trunks or stems of dicot plants, tree or vines near the ground where freezing occurs during winter and a wound forms in spring. Such fruit trees as cherries and pea...

A step toward the $1,000 personal genome using readily available lab equipment

...uence, depending on which DNA base is present. The fragment then shines with one of the four colors, revealing the identity of the base. Recording the color data from multiple passes over the same sequences, a camera documents the results and routes them to computers that reinterpret the data as a linear sequ...

Learning how SARS spikes its quarry

...or the SARS virus. They also identified a specific fragment of the spike protein that is involved in viral att...he x-ray structure revealed that the spike protein fragment showed a slightly concave surface that fits a complementary surface on the receptor, said Harrison. ...

How HIV disables the cells' call for help

...immune cell's system. They investigated a peptide fragment called FP (fusion peptide), a segment of the HIV protein gp41 found on the viral envelop. FP was known to play a role in the complex process in which the viral envelop fuses with the cell membrane in the initial stage of cell infection. The researche...

Researchers discover how malaria parasite disperses from red blood cells

...embrane appears to collapse inward upon itself and fragment into pieces. One previous theory held that the red blood cells and the merozoite-containing vacuoles inside them swelled and then burst like a balloon containing too much air. "The swelling was an artifact of too much light from the microscope," Dr...

Tetanus toxin found to have therapeutic properties

...s is why the scientists believe the harmless toxin fragment could be more effective than neurotrophins as protection against neurodegenerative disorders such as Parkinson's disease. ...

Fragment of yellow fever virus may hold key to safer vaccine

... yellow fever vaccines must contain this essential fragment of instruction to the immune system, said ter Meulen, senior author of a study published in the July 5, 2005, issue of the journal Virology and published early online. These days, the horror of Ebola or Marburg hemorrhagic fever grabs more attention...

Multi-species genome comparison sheds new light on evolutionary processes, cancer mutations

...s divide, a chromosome occasionally breaks and the fragment can get stuck onto another chromosome. In addition, fragments may break off from two different chromosomes and swap places. Chromosomal breakages, also referred to as translocations, are thought to be important in terms of evolution. When chromosome...

Researchers feed tiny pills of RNA to planarians to identify genes essential for regeneration

...ability to regenerate is so prolific that a tissue fragment only 1/279th of the worm's length can grow into a new planarian. Researchers know that planarian stem cells, called neoblasts, play a central role in both regeneration and homeostasis. But how they do that has remained shrouded in mystery. Sánchez A...

Neandertal femur suggests competition with hyenas and a shift in landscape use

...ersity in St. Louis, conclude that the human femur fragment found in 2002 in the cave of the Rochers-de-Villeneuve comes from a Neandertal, based on its shape and mitochondrial DNA. Its age places it at the end of the Middle Paleolithic archeological period, just before modern humans arrived in Europe. The r...

New understanding of cell movement may yield ways to brake cancer's spread

...l now. A Burnham Institute study has identified a fragment of a protein that senses chemicals that induce a cell to move into the right direction. Guided by this fragment, the molecular machinery needed for cell movement begins accumulating at the leading edge, or front of a cell in response to a variety of ...

Brain-mapping technique aids understanding of sleep, wakefulness

...tain population of neurons. The tracer, a nontoxic fragment of the tetanus toxin, transfers itself from one neuron in retrograde fashion to neurons "upstream" -- those from which the tracer-producing neuron receives signals. Researchers then track the tracer to map the upstream neurons. Dr. Yanagisawa and hi...

Advances in the characterisation of the oyster mushroom genes

... structurally distinct from the others: it lacks a fragment at its end. It should be pointed out that the genes that are together and the lone one are located on chromosomes where there are also genes responsible for the breaking down of lignin. This is of great interest because lignin and cellulose are foun...

Critical role in programmed cell death identified

...nstrated that when they cause worm mitochondria to fragment without instructing cells to die, the cells still die and when they block fragmentation, the cells survive; in other words, blocking fragmentation prevents cell death, inducing fragmentation provokes cell death. "This programmed cell death is so imp...

Genome-wide mouse study yields link to human leukemia

...ents, show up as smudgy blobs on a test film. If a fragment is dark and definite, it is not methylated. If, on the other hand, it loses at least 30 percent of its intensity, it is regarded as methylated. In the study, the research team tested 2447 fragments in each animal. They found anywhere from 45 to 209 ...

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