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Tag: "fragment" at biology news

'Insulator' helps silence genes in dormant herpes virus

...t to replicate. In this dormant state, only a tiny fragment of the virus genome ?a single gene called the Latency-Associated Transcript gene (LAT) ?remains active. Scientists have long puzzled over the mechanism used to keep this small region of the genome going while nearby genes remain quiescent. Now, sc...

Darwin's famous finches and Venter's marine microbes

... at the Craig Venter Institute, compared every DNA fragment with every other available DNA fragment to produce clusters of related sequences. This exhaustive analysis predicted more than 6 million pro...

Scientists discover a new risk factor for Alzheimer's

...creased cells' production of amyloid-beta, a toxic fragment of another protein that destroys neurons. Production of amyloid-beta is the key event in the progression of Alzheimer's disease. Amyloid-beta is made when cells improperly break down a protein called amyloid precursor protein (APP). Previous resea...

Discovery of an HIV inhibitor in human blood points to new drug class

..., they showed that a few amino acid changes in the fragment enhanced its antiretroviral potency by two orders of magnitude. VIRIP and its derivatives remained effective against drug-resistant HIV strains, making them "highly promising for further clinical development," according to the researchers. "The fi...

MIT biologists solve vitamin puzzle

... been awarded for research related to B12, but one fragment of the molecule remained an enigma-until now. T...ze B12. BluB catalyzes the formation of the B12 fragment known as DMB, which joins with another fragment, produced by a separate pathway, to form the vitamin...

Common mechanisms for viral DNA replication

...re of the DNA-binding domain of SV40 T-ag on a DNA fragment derived from the viral origin of replication. The structure shows that although T-ag and its functionally analogous protein, papilloma virus E1, share no detectable sequence homology in this region, the two domains bind the DNA in similar ways. In b...

A sweet step toward new cancer therapies

...ad of the usual "shake-it-til-it breaks" method to fragment proteins. But that method requires the presence of at least two positive charges, which can be difficult to accomplish with acidic molecules, such as proteins with sulfate or phosphate groups attached. Hakansson's group has been exploring the use...

Early-stage immune system control of HIV may depend on inherited factors

...RC/MGH) report that specific HLA Class I/HIV viral fragment combinations are associated with a more powerful antiviral response, findings that may help develop vaccines against HIV. "We found that only a limited number of viral protein fragments from HIV-1 are targeted by the immune system in early infectio...

Discovery of the first resistance gene to rice yellow mottle virus

...sive gene. Subsequent genetic mapping identified a fragment of chromosome 4 containing the resistance gene. Da...ng have been extremely useful for research on this fragment to find out if one gene rather than another could confer resistance to RYMV. Data from the literatur...

New drug blocks influenza, including bird flu virus

...rt. The new drug, known as "entry blocker," is a fragment of a larger human protein whose role in biology is to help things pass through membranes such as those that encapsulate cells. Although the peptide's precise mechanism for thwarting flu remains to be deciphered, it seems to work by blocking the vir...

Scientists win grants to develop $1,000 genome sequencing technology

...ing high-density arrays of nanoparticles, with one fragment of DNA attached to individual nanoparticles in the arrays. The investigators will attempt to demonstrate that more than 1 billion individual DNA molecules can be sequenced simultaneously....

Some butterflies travel farther, reproduce faster

...spersal or migratory capability of animals when we fragment the landscape," Fescemyer said. The animals best able to migrate are more likely to survive and reproduce. "What we learn could apply to any organism that has to move to find food," he added Åland Islands are natural laboratory The study, "Popu...

Caterpillars tell us how bacteria cause disease

...odes for the entire bacteria, Dr Waterfield's team fragment the genome and insert different genes into a harmless laboratory bacterium which they then insert into caterpillars and other invertebrates to study their immune response. "We are very excited by the opportunities that we can now explore thanks t...

Radiologists attempt to solve mystery of Tut's demise

...-ray in 1968, revealing what appeared to be a bone fragment in his skull, it has been widely speculated that a blow to the head killed the boy king. However, Dr. Selim and colleagues found several pieces of evidence to the contrary. In the cranial cavity, they found loose bone fragments that were not covered ...

Fragmentation rapidly erodes Amazonian biodiversity

...s near the margins of forest fragments. “When you fragment the rainforest, hot winds from the surrounding pas...earch in Manaus. “Also, winds build up around the fragment and knock down a lot of trees.? The trees that regenerate in their place are very different from t...

The molecular mechanism of a diabetes vaccine revealed

...tein called HSP60, or even only a small particular fragment of it ?the peptide designated p277 ?is able to shut down the autoimmune response causing this disorder. The vaccine is currently being tested in clinical trials in Europe and the United States, but its precise mechanism has until now been unknown. "...

Report lists top 20 most-vulnerable African carnivores

...from a variety of organisms, and found that only a fragment from Tetrahymena -- the single-celled organism i... -- would work. The researchers named the protein fragment "telomerase essential N-terminal" (TEN) domain, in reference to its position within the complete enz...

Groovy protein essential for promoting cancer development

...from a variety of organisms, and found that only a fragment from Tetrahymena -- the single-celled organism i... -- would work. The researchers named the protein fragment "telomerase essential N-terminal" (TEN) domain, in reference to its position within the complete enz...

'Shuttling' protein possibly key to resilience of cancer cells

...nt protein into two fragments and then fusing each fragment to different AP-1 proteins, including c-Jun and ATF2. When the proteins later bind to form a heterodimer, the fluorescent-protein fragments are reunited, causing them to glow green when illuminated with a light source. The fluorescence enabled the re...

In the mind's eye: How the brain makes a whole out of parts

...euron may respond to objects with either a concave fragment at the top or a convex fragment at the bottom. At this point, the neural signals are ambiguous; the brain doesn't know whether the c...

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