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Tag: "forming" at biology news

UF scientists reveal ancient origin of vertebrate skeleton

... million years. It is essential in the human body, forming cartilage throughout embryonic skeleton and generally serving as a framework for building bone. With GuangJun Zhang, Ph.D., a graduate student in zoology, the research team used gene cloning and gene sequencing analysis to demonstrate two type II co...

Neurons find their place in the developing nervous system with the help of a sticky molecule

...ortex, giving rise to a laminar structure. Neurons forming layers 2 and 3, the focus of the current study, are born last and so must elbow their way through cells lying in earlier formed layers to reach what will become the outermost layers. Without MDGA1, these neurons begin to migrate but get stuck before ...

UF scientists reveal ancient origin of vertebrate skeleton

... million years. It is essential in the human body, forming cartilage throughout embryonic skeleton and generally serving as a framework for building bone. With GuangJun Zhang, Ph.D., a graduate student in zoology, the research team used gene cloning and gene sequencing analysis to demonstrate two type II co...

Birds that make teeth

...tructures, the researchers realized that the teeth forming in the chicken did not look like mammalian teeth, but resembled those of the alligator, the closest living relative of modern birds. The findings strongly suggest that the birds were initiating developmental programs similar to those of their repti...

UCLA scientists find male gene in brain area targeted by Parkinson's

...a sex gene responsible for making embryos male and forming the testes is also produced by the brain region targeted by Parkinson's disease. Published in the Feb. 21 edition of Current Biology, the new research may explain why more men than women develop the degenerative disorder, which afflicts roughly 1 mi...

Invasive species harms native hardwoods by killing soil fungus

...long filaments that penetrate the roots of plants, forming an intricate interwoven network that effectively extends the plant's root system. AMF depend on plants for energy and plants depend on the fungi for nutrients. When tree seedlings, which depend strongly on AMF, began to decline in the presence of gar...

Tiny RNA molecules fine-tune the brain's synapses

...ent, strengthening important synaptic connections, forming new ones, and allowing unimportant ones to weaken. Experiments in Greenberg's lab, done in rats, showed that a microRNA called miR-134 regulates the size of dendritic spines, the protrusions from a neuron's dendrites where synapses form. When neuron...

Researchers solve mystery of how nuclear pores duplicate before cell division

... present in copies of eight or multiples of eight, forming a structure that contains several hundred proteins and is 30 times the size of a ribosome, the cellular protein factory. "But how nucleoporins find their way into the nuclear membrane and whether existing pores serve as templates had been unknown," s...

New possibilities to fight pests with biological means

...ries information for a terpene synthase, an enzyme forming the sesquiterpene scent compounds that are released by the plant and attract wasps toward the damaged corn plant. Since this mechanism is based only on a single gene, it might be useful for the development of crop plants with a better resistance to p...

Wisconsin scientists find a way to make human collagen in the lab

...einforcing connective tissue, bones and teeth, and forming long, fibrous cables to strengthen tendons. Collagen forms sheets of tissue that support the skin and every internal organ. There is nothing in the body, in fact, that does not depend in some way on collagen. In medicine, collagen from animals, prin...

When good DNA goes bad

...n cells. Interestingly, these sequences prone to forming Z-DNA are often found in genetic "hot spots," area...G repeated more than 14 times in a row is prone to forming Z-DNA, while the sequence AT is not as efficient at forming this structure. Analysis of the genome ...

How the octopus forms an elbow

...apes its arm into a quasi-articulated structure by forming three bends that act like skeletal joints. This puts an artificial constraint of sorts on the arm's movement and simplifies the otherwise complex control of movement that would be needed for the arm to fetch food from a distant point to the octopus's...

Alzheimer's study first to explain death of brain cells

...ional heme deficiency" because the cells are still forming heme, but it is trapped within an amyloid-beta/heme compound. When they examined the heme/ amyloid-beta compound researchers in the Atamna laboratory were surprised to discover it was a peroxidase--a type of enzyme that reacts harmfully with biolo...

Rice University researchers create 'nanorice'

...ional heme deficiency" because the cells are still forming heme, but it is trapped within an amyloid-beta/heme compound. When they examined the heme/ amyloid-beta compound researchers in the Atamna laboratory were surprised to discover it was a peroxidase--a type of enzyme that reacts harmfully with biolo...

High-resolution light microscope reveals the fundamental mechanisms of nerve communication

...ein is distributed in rings of ca. 150nm diameter, forming the active zones. In these areas it appears that bruchpilot establishes the proximity between the calcium channels and the vesicles enabling the efficient release of neurotransmitters. These studies demonstrate for the first time that resolution bel...

'Shuttling' protein possibly key to resilience of cancer cells

...TF2 and c-Jun, often join together in the nucleus, forming either "homodimers," when two of the same proteins...red that if ATF2 attaches to c-Jun in the nucleus, forming a heterodimer, the nuclear export signal is blocked, preventing ATF2 from traveling from the nucleus...

Groovy protein essential for promoting cancer development

...together once outside of cells, preventing it from forming the ordered crystals necessary for structural studies. Scientists from Cech's lab and others had tried to simplify matters by crystallizing a portion of the protein, but the segments that they selected clumped together just as stubbornly as the whole...

Report lists top 20 most-vulnerable African carnivores

...together once outside of cells, preventing it from forming the ordered crystals necessary for structural studies. Scientists from Cech's lab and others had tried to simplify matters by crystallizing a portion of the protein, but the segments that they selected clumped together just as stubbornly as the whole...

Stable polymer nanotubes may have a biotech future

...sidered essential for commercial applications--and forming sturdy nanotube network structures. First the res... bonds to form between the two different sections, forming a rigid "cross-linked" membrane. The nanotubes are then snipped free from the parent cell with an "o...

Secrets of the sea yield stronger artificial bone

...h as salt and microorganisms are expelled from the forming ice and entrapped in channels between the ice crystals. The result is a layered structure that roughly resembles nacre's wafer-like construction. The Berkeley Lab team believed this same freezing process could be used to cast an exquisitely layered ...

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