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Tag: "formed" at biology news

MIT: Pulsing light silences overactive neurons

...b Neuroengineering and Neuromedia Group, which was formed about six months ago to enhance the Media Lab's study of the brain-body relationship. "The Media Lab has always been interested in studying the interface between people and the world," Boyden said, "but now people are getting interested in the int...

'Terror bird' arrived in North America before land bridge, study finds

...ed to Texas across the Panamanian land bridge that formed about 3 million years ago connecting North and Sou...e land bridge formed, probably across islands that formed what today is the Isthmus of Panama." The study will be published Jan. 23 in the online version of...

Biologically inspired sensors can augment sonar, vision system in submarines

...uld detect the hydrodynamic wake (such as the wake formed behind a propeller-driven submarine) for long-distance tracking. With further advances in engineering, man-made underwater vehicles should be able to autonomously image hydrodynamic events from their surroundings, Liu said. "Although biology remain...

Scientists re-grow dental enamel from cultured cells

...e body. It cannot regenerate itself, because it is formed by a layer of cells that is lost by the time the tooth appears in the mouth. The enamel spends the remainder of its lifetime vulnerable to wear, damage, and decay. For this reason, it is exciting to consider the prospect of artificially growing ename...

Study of planarians offers insight into germ cell development

...s tease out the mechanisms by which germ cells are formed and maintained. Newmark’s team made a few discoveries related to a gene, called nanos, which was previously known to play a critical role in germ cell development in several other model organisms. Unlike fruit flies and nematodes, which show signs...

The connector rotation hypothesis? Phage do not pack their DNA by rotation

...DNA passes into the capsid shell through a channel formed by a structure called the connector. Scientists have speculated that rotation of the connector complex might feed the DNA into the capsid as it turns. In a new study published online this week in the open access journal PLoS Biology, researchers T...

Chemical switch triggers critical cell activities

...stals of proteins with X-rays and use the patterns formed by beams bouncing off the crystals to create computer-generated 3-D images of the molecules. The goal was to create a freeze-frame image that captured the fleeting moment when E2 is next to NEDD8, just before it falls off and carries NEDD8 with i...

Sleep enforces the temporal sequence in memory

...d the widely held view that long-term memories are formed particularly during sleep, and that this process relies on the brain replaying recently encoded experiences during the night. The same research group now provides evidence that sleep not only strengthens the content of a memory but also the particula...

QUT scientists on the way to sifting out a cure for HIV

...nother failing of current membranes was they often formed pin-holes and cracks during the fabrication process, resulting in wasted membranes. "With this in mind we have introduced radical changes to the membrane texture because it is the membrane texture which is crucial to the separation efficiency of t...

Mystery of fossilized trees is solved

... that they reached at least 8 metres in height and formed the first known forests on earth. Dr Berry, of Cardiff's School of Earth, Ocean and Planetary Sciences, said: "This is a spectacular find, which has allowed us to recreate these early forest ecosystems. Branches from the trees would have fallen to...

Gene therapy for blindness clears hurdle in mice

...c material. "If we reduce the amount of protein formed by mutated rhodopsin, that may be sufficient to maintain vision in people who are affected by retinitis pigmentosa," Gorbatyuk said. "The second step, introducing the normal gene to the retina, will show whether we are able to restore vision in this ...

Exploring the molecular origin of blood clot flexibility

...make predictions about the function of differently formed fibrin clots in the circulating blood or in a wound. For example, when clots are not stiff enough, problems with bleeding arise, and when clots are too stiff, there may be problems with thrombosis, which results when clots block the flow of blood. Fi...

Tumor-suppressor gene is critical for placenta development

...ar too often. They gave rise to too many cells and formed a defective placenta, especially where the placent...t destroyed in cells produced by them. These cells formed a normal-looking placenta and the embryos survived. "This suggests that Rb is important in mainta...

Autism gene identified by researchers at Yale working with a global research consortium

... Over 120 scientists from over 50 institutions who formed the Autism Genome Project (AGP) performed the research. The AGP began in 2002 when researchers from around the world decided to collaborate and share their samples, data and expertise to aid in identifying autism susceptibility genes. Funded by A...

Secret of worm's poison pill box protein could produce new natural insecticide

...ottingham Universities, found that the protein was formed from four sub units in the shape of a hollow cage or box which is configured to bind well to part of a caterpillar’s gut called "Brush Border Membrane Vesicles" (BBMV). The XptA1 protein seemed to specifically target the BBMV of caterpillars Pie...

NASA predicts nongreen plants on other planets

... Institute of Technology, Pasadena, Calif. VPL was formed as part of the NASA Astrobiology Institute (NAI), based at the NASA Ames Research Center in California’s Silicon Valley. "This work broadens our understanding of how life may be detected on Earth-like planets around other stars, while simultaneou...

Hybrid molecule causes cancer cells to self-destruct

...0s, researchers discovered that butyrate, which is formed naturally at high levels in the digestive system by symbiotic bacteria that feed on fiber, can restore healthy cell functioning. Efforts to use butyrate as a general drug for tumors elsewhere in the body, however, have been hindered by the high d...

Scientists learn the origin of rogue B cells

...f immune system cells called B cells. B cells are formed in the bone marrow and produce antibodies. Antibodies are generated from the cutting and splicing of immunoglobulin genes early in B-cell development, and have the potential to develop strong and highly specific affinity for different pathogens. When...

Enhancing activity of marijuana-like chemicals in brain helps treat

...Their study indicated that the two types of cells formed complementary circuits in the brain. One of the circuits is thought to be involved in activating motion, while the other is thought to be involved in restraining unwanted movement. "These two circuits are critically involved in a push-pull to s...

Nanotextured implant materials: blending in, not fighting back

...ere endothelial cells established themselves, they formed a single thin layer that inhibited overgrowth of the smooth muscle cells that tends to narrow stented arteries. In another experiment, published in the Journal of Biomedical Materials Research with Purdue graduate student Derick Miller, the team...

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