Tag: "formation" at biology news

Prenatal Stress Keeps Infants, Toddlers up at Night, Study Says

...ress hormones, like cortisol, may disrupt a childs formation of a bundle of nerve cells in the brain called th... of waking, sleeping, even hunger that is, if its formation has not been disrupted. This could explain why sound sleep doesnt come easily to kids whose sign...

Researchers track how spores break out of dormant state

...ochemical and structural events that result in the formation of metabolically dormant spores. They can remain d...dynamic AFM is a promising tool to investigate the formation and evolution of the bacterial cell wall,” Malkin said....

How sneaky HIV escapes cells

... cells. As such, drugs that interfere with exosome formation might be one way to inhibit HIV infections. “Viruses like HIV use pathways we barely recognize, much less understand,” Gould says. “Our paper highlights the importance of studying their basic biochemistry and cell biology, which can yield a better...

A new plant-bacterial symbiotic mechanism promising for crop applications

...th their host plant, they trigger in the roots the formation and development of organs, termed nodules, where they continue to live. This close relationship is symbiosis, which benefits both organisms involved: the plant supplies nutritive elements to the bacteria which in return pass on the nitrogen they have...

Studies to find better ways to preserve human eggs, ovarian tissue under way

...ch as a human egg or ovarian tissue, resulting ice formation can be destructive. “Ice crystals break up your in... no ice formation,” says Dr. Song, adding that ice formation aside, it is difficult to thaw rock-solid tissue at room temperature in a matter of seconds, meaning...

Researchers reveal structure of protein altered in autism

... with autism,” said Taylor. He added that synapse formation and maintenance occurs early in development when the infant brain is still plastic and formative. Therefore, by understanding the structural mutations that affect neurotransmission during development, new leads into drug therapies may emerge. “...

Microbes at work cleaning up the environment

...e able to study whether protein contributes to the formation of densely aggregated nanoparticulate zinc sulfide spheroids. They also studied whether various amino acids induce rapid aggregation in metal-sulfide nanoparticles. The answer was yes in both cases. “This demonstrates an extracellular biomi...

University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine researchers develop 'off-the-shelf' vascular grafts

...d polymer by surrounding tissue, exhibiting tissue formation that is consistent with a mature artery. According to Dr. Vorp, these findings in a rat demonstrate the feasibility of developing MDSC-seeded tissue-engineered vascular grafts for eventual human application. “The next step is to demonstrate the us...

Marine phytoplankton changes form to protect itself from different predators

Suppressing colony formation is a useful strategy against copepods because they..., Phaeocystis globosa will enhance or suppress the formation of colonies based on whether nearby grazers prefer eating large or small particles. “Based on che...

A first -- Hebrew University scientist observes brain cell development in 'real time'

...es of development. Mizrahi revealed that dendritic formation is highly dynamic. Moreover, once incorporated into the network, adult-born neurons in the study also remained dynamic and capable of continuous change. This method provides a mechanism for observing, for the first time in a mammal, how a neuron ...

Genome of Clostridium botulinum reveals the background to world's deadliest toxin

...set of almost 3700 genes are used to control spore formation and germination when opportunity arises. "C. botulinum shows us one extreme of the ways that bacteria can make the most of animal hosts," explained Dr Julian Parkhill of the Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute. "Some organisms use subtle approaches, ...

Pistachios lower cholesterol, provide antioxidants

...DL and other lipproteins that contribute to plaque formation in arteries. The researchers reported that both the 1.5 and 3 ounce pistachio diets reduced oxidized LDL compared with the baseline diet. Pistachio-enriched diets also resulted in significantly higher levels of lutein in the blood. The increased ...

Puzzling plankton yield secrets to role in evolution/global photosynthesis

...e are many mechanisms that can account for species formation in photosynthetic phytoplankton, and this is just one of the major pieces to this long-standing puzzle for biologists." "Assimilation of atmospheric CO2 by marine phytoplankton is a global-scale process that is responsible for about half of the bi...

A cherry on top: Tart cherries may alter heart/diabetes factors

... instead of storing it, and it is important in the formation of blood lipids like LDL, typically known as the "bad cholesterol". Drugs in the classes known as thiazolidinediones and glitazars activate PPAR and are often used to manage high cholesterol and risk for Type 2 diabetes. In the current study, the ...

Targeting sugar on blood vessels may inhibit cancer growth

...ulfate, we could affect angiogenesis, which is the formation of new blood vessels," said Fuster. "In cancer, angiogenesis sustains growth as well as metastasis of tumors. An important finding was that, not only could we inhibit the growth of tumors in these mice, but that other systems that rely on endotheli...

How to steer a moving cell

...te its movement. Polarization is characterized by formation of a leading "false foot" or pseudopodium and a trailing rear "foot" at the back called a cell body, which is detached in the process of locomotion. In order to understand the inner workings of the cell’s "steering wheel," the researchers develo...

Scientists identify prion's infectious secret

... that he could observe protein folding and amyloid formation in real time. Tessier covered the array with peptides from baker’s yeast and then added prion protein to the array, also from the same yeast species. He found that a small cluster of peptides recruited the prion proteins to misfold into an amyloi...

Baumann Lab defines proteins that distinguish chromosome ends from DNA double-strand breaks

... neither long single-stranded overhangs nor t-loop formation is essential to prevent illegitimate repair of telomeric ends," said Dr. Bae. "Instead, a short tandem array of telomeric repeats bound by a Rap1/Trf2 complex is sufficient to impede non-homologous end joining in a highly directional manner." It h...

High-dose anticlotting drug cuts heart attack, death risk in half

... the action of platelet cells, which stimulate the formation of blood clots. Interventional cardiologists give patients a loading dose of this medication before PCI to protect against blood clotting. After the procedure, most patients take a lower daily dose (75 mg) for up to a year, depending on the type of s...

Study of protein folds offers insight into metabolic evolution

...y recent. Since these first proteins benefited the formation of building blocks for the primitive RNA world, it makes a lot of sense that we've found this origin encased in nucleotide metabolism." ...

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