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Tag: "fitness" at biology news

Viral 'fitness' explains different resistance patterns to aids drugs

...f medication also factors in. Differences in viral fitness of mutated resistant virus occur between different...ttention should be given in defining how virologic fitness determines how different patterns of taking medications may lead to resistance" said Steven Deeks, M...

'Genetic network' guards against lethal DNA damage

...e genetic interactions, which are called synthetic fitness or lethality interactions. Synthetic lethality is ...ffects of 5,000 different double mutations on cell fitness in a single experiment. With this technology, only 5,000 tests would be required to map the 25 milli...

Escapee farmed salmon infiltrate fitter wild populations

...may alter the gene pool of wild salmon, reduce its fitness and accelerate its decline." ...

Spring migration of pink-footed geese under threat

.... Our model shows that naïve geese have much lower fitness than experienced geese, which are able to anticipate and adapt to changes in their environment." There are two discrete populations of pink-footed goose: the Greenland/Iceland population, which breeds in Iceland and Greenland and overwinters in Brit...

Plants, too, have ways to manage freeloaders

...ore cooperative rhizobia by manipulating bacterial fitness in the nodule," the authors wrote. "We think that when roots explore the soil and encounter bacteria, they will nodulate them, but then the plant will evaluate how much nitrogen it's getting from the bacteria and the efficiency with which it's getti...

Evolutionary conservation of a mechanism of longevity from worms to mammals

... elegans gene clk-1, results in increased cellular fitness and prolonged lifespan in mice. The gene clk-1 in the worm, as well as mclk1 in mice, encodes an enzyme necessary for the biosynhesis of ubiquinone, an essential cofactor in numerous redox reactions such as mitochondrial respiration. Though lack ...

Genetic analysis of cavefish reveals more about evolution

.... Therefore, it doesn't diminish other aspects of fitness when it is mutated. ...

Removing egg from nest may help save endangered whooping crane

...a single chick to protect. Even though long-term fitness is almost the same whether one egg or two is laid, the risk of extinction for the Wood Buffalo-Aransas whooping crane population is lowest when eggs are removed, says Boyce. He recognizes the need to minimize human influence in national parks, but s...

Fish evolve a longer lifespan by evolving a longer reproductive period, researchers find

...er they stop reproducing, do not contribute to the fitness of young fish. As a result, the post-reproductive ...at post-reproductive humans can increase their own fitness by contributing to the fitness of their grandchildren and that the prolonged post-reproductive lifes...

Getting an evolutionary handle on life after reproduction

... postreproductive females should contribute to the fitness of their offspring or relatives, a hypothesis call...on whether postreproductive lifespan can influence fitness enough to be under selection. But in a field dominated by investigations into the origins of human m...

Computer models aid understanding of antibody-dependent enhancement in spread of dengue fever

...c effects of antibody-dependent enhancement on the fitness of viruses" was written by Derek A. T. Cummings, Ira B. Schwartz, Lora Billings, Leah B. Shaw and Donald S. Burke. Cummings and Burke are with the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health. Schwartz and Shaw are with the Naval Research Laborato...

A bug's life: Exceptional genomic stability yet rapid protein evolution in a carpenter ant mutualist

...nome evolution, as well as the consequences on the fitness of the bacterium and its host. "Developments in endosymbiosis are important not only to questions in basic research, but may have important practical implications," notes Wernegreen. "A very promising area of endosymbiont research is the manipulation...

MicroRNAs have shaped the evolution of the majority of mammalian genes

...s, in order to maintain their functions and ensure fitness of the organism, have quickly lost sites that pair up with microRNAs. In addition to the thousands of cases where genes have avoided microRNA targeting, Farh also investigated the opposite extreme, cases where genes have maintained microRNA target s...

Weapon performance determines mating success in the collared lizard

...rmance (i.e., bite force) is a better predictor of fitness than body size and weapon size. The study finds t...luence fight outcomes, has far stronger effects on fitness than size. The strong influence of weapon performance on reproductive success suggests that selectio...

Costly breeding programs for endangered species pay off

...n both breeding groups exhibited similar levels of fitness and fertility as long as they remained in a contro...me a pair of flies mated, researchers measured the fitness of the pair by counting the number of eggs the female laid, and by measuring the number of eggs that...

DDT-resistant insects have additional genetic advantage that helps resistance spread

...nes themselves. "Experimenters looking at genetic fitness in resistant insects often only look at single cha...s that are genetically unrelated. "Differences in fitness therefore often correspond to differences in genetic background rather and are not due to the resist...

Gene loss accelerates aging

...mage available on request) were hair loss, reduced fitness and body weight, progressive curvature of the spine, and a shortened lifespan. "Aging and cancer are two sides of the same coin. In one case, cells stop dividing and in the other, they can't stop dividing. We suspect that having the right amount of ...

Men Estimate Men's Risks Of Common Disorders Higher Than Women Do, And Vice Versa

... tendency was also evident in the one condition -- fitness -- posed in positive terms. "Previous studies on personal risk assessments suggest a tendency to underestimate one's own risk of illness compared to one's peers -- this is often referred to as optimism bias. Our findings suggest in contrast that wha...

Science study holds implications for gene therapy and stem cell biology

...ruses as a tool to discover genes that enhance the fitness of stem cells. Such genes are of great interest fo...e the availability of genes that enhance stem cell fitness using this novel approach. Simultaneously, we need to study whether similar genes regulate the behav...

Report that delayed motherhood decreases life expectancy of mouse offspring

... offspring. Several other aspects of reproductive fitness of offspring were assessed, but none showed significant deleterious effects. This report identifying effects of delayed motherhood on life expectancy and body weight of offspring will surely stimulate inquiries into mechanisms resulting in these dis...

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