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Tag: "fidelity" at biology news

Philandering female felines forgo fidelity

...ahs are highly promiscuous with no detectable mate fidelity between breeding seasons,” said Dr. Sarah Durant, a researcher with the Wildlife Conservation Society/Tanzania Cheetah Conservation Program and project leader. “In fact, we now know many of the fathers exist outside the park and study area. This is a...

Role of noise in neurons

...e much larger than previously assumed ?meaning the fidelity of transmission is compromised. Neurons in the cerebral cortex of the brain can have a wiring density of up to 4km per mm3 by using incredibly thin axons as wires, with an average diameter of 0.3 micrometers (1ìm is one millionth of a meter). Altho...

DOE JGI sets 'gold standard' for metagenomic data analysis

...rganisms. This approach allowed us to quantify the fidelity of several data processing methods, since we could identify the correct answer by comparing the synthetic datasets to the corresponding isolate genomes." "This paper provides an extremely useful survey of tools and existing approaches for metageno...

Turtles are loyal in feeding as well as in breeding

...red species. 'The extent to which turtles showed fidelity to specific foraging sites and routes was a surprise,' said Dr Annette Broderick of the University of Exeter. 'Marine turtles migrate hundreds of miles between breeding and foraging grounds, so it is amazing that they are able to return to exactly th...

Nobel Laureate finds 'elegant' explanation for DNA transcribing enzyme's high fidelity

...ouples NTP recognition and catalysis, ensuring the fidelity of transcription, they reported. “Of all revelations from the structure [of the transcription machinery] since it was first solved, this is perhaps the most fundamental since it gets at the underlying mechanisms,?Kornberg said. “It’s long known tha...

Embryonic stem cells do better on bumpy nanoscale mattress

... to be cultured in great quantities and with great fidelity to their pluripotent phenotype. Fine-tuning their nano-micro topography could boost the efficiency of HES cell propagation. ...

NYU algorithm enhances ability to detect cancer genes

...idate their algorithm, the authors produced a high fidelity in silico model of cancer, and checked how well they can detect the right genes, as they modified various parameters of the model in an adversarial manner. Encouraged by the success of their in silico study, they applied the algorithm to currently av...

'Sticky' mice lead to discovery of new cause of neurodegenerative disease

...ations is whether the subtle loss of translational fidelity from such a defect could lead to various human diseases ?particularly those that involve the accumulation of misfolded proteins," she said. Ackerman and her colleagues are conducting further studies to understand why Purkinje cells are particula...

Unusual mechanism keeps repair protein accurate

...ain was responsible for this repair protein's high fidelity came as a complete surprise," Suo says. Presently the scientists are studying the three-dimensional structure of the entire protein to learn how the presence of a proline-rich region influences the ability of the protein to accurately make DNA. ...

Imaging study links key genetic risk for Alzheimer's disease to myelin breakdown

...rain's connections is key to its speed, bandwidth, fidelity and overall on-line capability." Myelin is a sheet of lipid, or fat, with very high cholesterol content -- the highest of any brain tissue. The high cholesterol content allows myelin to wrap tightly around axons, speeding messages through the brain ...

MicroRNA may have fail-safe role in limb development

...r suggests there is a new mechanism to control the fidelity of protein expression in the limbs through microRNA expression. That is a hypothesis that people in the field will have to test, but it is strongly supported by their research." ...

Access to existing medical treatments could save more lives than spending to improve the treatments

...lity of health care." Independent of the efficacy, fidelity is the extent to which the health care system provides patients the precise interventions they need, delivered properly, precisely when they need them. Woolf illustrated the concept with an example of a theoretical disease that claims 100,000 lives...

DNA from feathers tells tale of eagle fidelity

... not one adult strayed from its mate - a degree of fidelity highly unusual among birds, the vast majority of which mate with and raise offspring from multiple partners. Not only is this study the first to confirm monogamy in eagles, more importantly, it also is the first to rely on feathers collected "noninv...

Clearing jams in copy machinery

...shows that two different DNA polymerases, the high fidelity Pol III replicase and the low fidelity Pol IV, coordinate their action to cross obstacles encountered in the replication process. They atta...

High fidelity keeps human DNA assembly line humming

...and humans. The design has endured because of this fidelity mechanism for RNA synthesis. "This is a tried and true design and our study explains why this is an enduring design." The paper, "Dynamic Error Correction and Regulation of Downstream Bubble Opening by Human RNA Polymerase II," also is authored by r...

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