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Tag: "fibers" at biology news

Researchers find molecule that inhibits regrowth of spinal nerve cells

... that normally insulates and stabilizes long nerve fibers in adult vertebrates ?chemically blocks the abilit... of molecules and proteins, myelin insulates nerve fibers and impedes them from having contact with other nerve cells. After a spinal-cord injury, myelin is r...

Scientists use gene transfer technology and common virus to block neuropathic pain in animals

...tural ability to travel long distances along nerve fibers to reach the neural cell's nucleus, which makes it the perfect gene delivery vehicle for use in the nervous system. “When we inject our HSV gene carrier under the skin of a laboratory rat, the vector is taken up by sensory nerve terminals in the ani...

Nanotubes inspire new technique for healing broken bones

...d. Bone tissue is a natural composite of collagen fibers and hydroxyapatite crystals. Haddon and his coworkers have demonstrated for the first time that nanotubes can mimic the role of collagen as the scaffold for growth of hydroxyapatite in bone. "This research is particularly notable in the sense that i...

Making plant cells work like miniature factories

...within plant cells that eventually produce sugars, fibers or waxes," said Ed Yeung, program director of Chemical and Biological Sciences at Ames Lab and principal investigator on the project. "If we can understand metabolism, then ideally, all the materials a plant produces can be controlled." The project,...

Scientists use gene transfer technology and common virus to block neuropathic pain

...tural ability to travel long distances along nerve fibers to reach the neural cell's nucleus, which makes it the perfect gene delivery vehicle for use in the nervous system. "When we inject our HSV gene carrier under the skin of a laboratory rat, the vector is taken up by sensory nerve terminals in the ani...

Researchers learn how blood vessel cells cope with their pressure-packed job

... aorta are expected to react similarly. The stress fibers were made of actin, a fibrous protein that is part...ity to make an internal "cytoskeleton." The stress fibers of endothelial cells in arteries are aligned parallel to the long axis of blood vessels, and this al...

Engineered Stem Cells Show Promise For Sneaking Drugs Into The Brain

...oduced deep in the brain and that travels up nerve fibers to the striatum where it is used to keep critical cells functional. Loss of the ability to produce dopamine is the root cause of Parkinson's, a disease that afflicts about 1.5 million people in the United States. In the new Wisconsin study, the GDNF...

MIT researcher presents new view of how the cortex forms

...y a zone of "originator" cells; or that long nerve fibers from the thalamus, a large ovoid mass that relays information to the cortex from other brain regions, are activated by external stimuli to impose identity on the homogeneous blob. New evidence indicates that the development of cortical areas involve...

Engineers discover why toucan beaks are models of lightweight strength

... interior of the beak is rigid "foam" made of bony fibers and drum-like membranes sandwiched between layers ...a highly organized matrix of stiff cancellous bone fibers that looks as if it was dipped into a soapy solution and dried, generating drum-like membranes that ...

University of Utah to help build bionic arm

...electively "listen" or "talk" to a small number of fibers in a nerve. Researchers at other institutions, meanwhile, will develop the prosthetic arm itself and will study other kinds of neural interfaces that could operate the bionic arm, including a device implanted to receive signals from the brain instea...

Both alcoholism and chronic smoking can damage the brain's prefrontal cortex

...electively "listen" or "talk" to a small number of fibers in a nerve. Researchers at other institutions, meanwhile, will develop the prosthetic arm itself and will study other kinds of neural interfaces that could operate the bionic arm, including a device implanted to receive signals from the brain instea...

Virginia Tech scientists develop process for creating biocompatible fibers

...ith a small molecule to produce a fiber. "Clothing fibers such as polyesters and nylons are composed of larg...cromolecules," Long said. "Now, we are fabricating fibers from small molecules ?ones with a low molecular weight." Under the microscope, the resulting mat sh...

NJIT engineer poised to take stem cell research a step forward

...tem cells with bio-degradable scaffolds that mimic fibers found in human cartilage tissue. They will test different scaffolds and determine which biomaterial is the best catalyst for stem cell differentiation. Again, their hope is that stem cells can soon be used to treat patients with damaged cartilage. ...

Formation of cellulose fibers tracked for the first time

...iofuel crops and improved fiber crops." Cellulose fibers make up a significant portion of the dry weight of most plants. Because the fibers can be broken down into the sugar glucose, which can then be converted into ethanol and other biofue...

Wisconsin scientists find a way to make human collagen in the lab

... make a way to "self assemble" into the long, thin fibers of native collagen. The Wisconsin team was able to modify the ends of the snippets so they could fit together and stick to form long collagen fibers. "Now we can make synthetic collagen that's longer than natural collagen," says Raines, who previous...

Researchers identify new cord blood stem cell

...uced an unanticipated reorganization of host nerve fibers within the brain, which may explain why the rats regained function, Low said. ...

Exposure to volcanic mineral associated with increased mesothelioma incidence in Turkey

...are likely exposed to hazardous amounts of mineral fibers from the environment. Resources should therefore b...tion between environmental exposure to nonasbestos fibers and the risk of cancer." ...

Stable polymer nanotubes may have a biotech future

...nology research, especially for making ultrastrong fibers and other structures. Nanotubes made from other materials are used for transport in biochemical applications, but are typically fragile and usually collapse within a few hours. The NIST team developed processes for extending the shelf life of polymer...

Proteins spur diabetic mice models to grow blood vessels, nerves

... neural guidance cues, which induce axons or nerve fibers to extend in specific directions during development. In 2004, Li and his colleagues showed in laboratory cultures that in addition to promoting nerve growth, Netrin-1 also induced formation of blood vessels. ...

With few factors, adult cells take on character of embryonic stem cells

...rs," Yamanaka said. Fibroblasts make up structural fibers found in connective tissue. Embryonic stem cells are derived from inner cells of the mammalian blastocyst, a ball of cells that develops after fertilization and goes on to form a developing embryo. Cells from other parts of the body can also be "r...

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