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Tag: "factors" at biology news

Wisconsin scientists grow critical nerve cells

...ute naturally secreted chemicals - a mix of growth factors and hormones - that provide the exact growing cond...th, Li foraged labs worldwide to obtain the growth factors and other natural chemicals needed to guide cells from one stage of motor neuron development to anot...

Scientists ID molecular 'switch' in liver that triggers harmful effects of saturated and trans fats

...ith other regulatory proteins called transcription factors in controlling the expression of genes. Spiegelman and Jiandie Lin, PhD, the paper's lead author and a researcher at Dana-Farber, have previously discovered the PGC-1 co-activator family and several of its biochemical activities. The Dana-Farber res...

Source of molecular triggers in cutaneous T cell lymphoma identified

...ells of the immune system. Finding CTCL triggering factors has been a major goal of Richard L. Edelson, M.D., Director of the Yale Cancer Center, and professor and chair of dermatology at Yale, since he and his colleagues at the National Cancer Institute first identified CTCL as a separate category of lympho...

Priming embryonic stem cells to fulfill their promise

...t one - theextracellular matrix."We kept the other factors constant and developed a miniaturizedtechnique to precisely vary extracellular matrix proteins as a way toidentify which combinations were optimal in producing differentiatedcells from stem cells," said Bhatia. She, Chien, and Flaim described intheir...

Poor prenatal nutrition permanently damages function of insulin-producing cells in the pancreas

...e, which damages vessels." In addition, many other factors can result in intrauterine growth restriction and ...ther lipids. "The challenge is to figure out which factors are a primary cause of diabetes and which are a consequence, said Dr. Patti. "In our study, we neede...

Emory Study Tests Bone Marrow Stem Cells to Improve Circulation in Legs

...appan Subramaniyam, MD, is using colonystimulating factors (growth factors), to prod the bone marrow toreleas... do not receive enough blood, thebody makes growth factors that stimulate the bone marrow to releasestem cells that "home" to the muscle that is not getting en...

Newly-discovered class of genes determines ?and restricts ?stem cell fate

...ility of a single biochemical factor or complex of factors to have this dual role may represent a new general paradigm for developmental and stem-cell biology. "My idea is that this is a new family of genes--they can both determine the cell type, but also put the breaks on differentiation," says Epstein. "We...

Timing is everything: First step in protein building revealed

...the ribosome complexitself assembles and how other factors come and go as it translatesgenetic information to build proteins, the workhorses of cells. If theribosome doesn't start in the right place along a gene's instructions,it will make the wrong protein, which can kill the cell or lead todisease."The rib...

Inexpensive, mass-produced genes core of synthetic biology advances at UH

...ng computer chips and therebyreduces cost and time factors drastically. Gao’s group estimates thatthe new technology will be about one hundred times more cost- andtime-efficient than current technologies.With this discovery, Gao and her colleagues have developed a technologywith the potential to make complet...

Bound for destruction: Ubiquitination protects against improper Notch signaling

...lasm and triggering the activation oftranscription factors within the cell’s nucleus. In addition to itseffects on wing structure in flies, Notch signaling is known to beimportant in a number of neural cell fate determination anddevelopmental processes, and is conserved in species from human toroundworm. In ...

“Nano-scissors?laser shows precise surgical capability

... door to other experiments on genetic andmolecular factors that determine whether damaged nerve cells regrow.Ben-Yakar developed the femtosecond laser surgery technique using thelaboratories and equipment of Dr. Robert Byer, a Stanford Universityprofessor, while doing post-doctoral work. The paper’s other co...

U of M researcher examines newly emerging deadly disease

...pically characterized by the depletion of clotting factors in the blood and skin lesions. Purpura fulminans refers to widespread severe purpura with extensive tissue damage and sloughing of skin. Purpura are skin lesions that may be many centimeters in diameter caused by the leakage of blood into the skin. ...

An HIV Protein Plays a Surprising Role in Gene Activation

...ymerases join with so-called general transcription factors to form a pre-initiation complex (PIC) on the gene...r TBP) and several cofactors called TBP-associated factors (TAFs). PIC assembly sometimes also requires activator proteins, which can enhance transcriptional a...

Mouse brain tumors mimic those in human genetic disorder

... agents that preventthe supply of growth promoting factors provided by new blood vesselsand microglia."Next, the researchers used the mouse model to investigate a clinicalconcern. Physicians rely on several tests to determine whether a childwith an optic pathway glioma should undergo treatment for the tumor,...

Gene variations explain drug dose required to control seizures

... their seizures under control. This study uncovers factors that might determine, in advance, which patients will need the higher dose." Before any such pharmacogenetic approaches can be put into practice, they must be explicitly evaluated for clinical utility in improving patient outcomes, Goldstein said. ...

Scientists decipher genome of fungus that can cause life-threatening infections

... indicatethat the differences likely involve other factors than the absence orpresence of individual genes in the two isolates. A combination ofother factors ?perhaps including the cumulative impact of small(single-nucleotide) DNA differences and differences...

Poplar trees redirect resources in response to simulated attack

... "This enables us to study the effects of external factors like insect attacks, disease, elevated carbon dioxide, soil toxins, and drought on vital plant processes." Ferrieri says scientists trying to improve plants' resistance to environmental challenges -- or their ability to perform useful tasks such as ...

First 'atlas' of key brain genes could speed research on cancer, neurological diseases

...s D. Stiles, PhD, alsoof Dana-Farber.Transcription factors are genes that control the expression, oractivity, of “target?genes. These factors play a pivotal role in braindevelopment by direction the formation of neurons and supporting cellsca...

Critical role in programmed cell death identified

...mple, with one component for each of the different factors involved in the central cell killing apparatus. Mammals on the other hand have multiple components or families of proteins for these factors; moreover, their cell death is more sporadic and harder to pinpoint. In worms, scientists know exactly which...

UCSD researchers maintain stem cells without contaminated animal feeder layers

... scientists knew that a cocktail of various growth factors and chemicals had previously been shown to modulate cellular growth and differentiation in human pancreatic cells. Human embryonic stem cells cultured for several weeks under these conditions showed no change in cell form and structure. The team then...

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